A Hyper-Ontology for semantic interoperability among heterogeneous healthcare common data standards/models in oncology. This effort is part of the EUCAM project (https://cancerimage.eu/)
Laboratory of Medical Informatics and Knowledge Engineering in e-Health (LIMICS). (2025). EUCAIM's Hyper-Ontology_V1.4. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10777925.
September, 2025
EUCAIM's Hyper-Ontology is a well-founded layered and modular domain and domain-application ontology that defines the essentials of oncology and radiology. The Hyper-Ontology is developed using a hybrid iterative semantically and formally well-founded approach composed of two main strategies: bottom-up (based on the domain-specific knowledge provided by AI4HI: ProCAncer-I, INCISIVE, CHAIMELEON, and EuCanImage) and top-down (based on the mCODE specifications). Various cancer types are covered in the Hyper-Ontology, including prostate, breast, colon, liver, rectum, lung, and colorectal. In version 1.4, new cancer types (e.g., bladder, pancreas, thyroid, kidney, cervix, bone, ovary, stomach), cancer staging/grading (e.g., AJCC/UICC 8th edition, FIGO), imaging modalities (e.g., Digitized HE slides), and manufcturers (e.g., UIH, hologic) provided by new use cases from the onboarding pocess have been included, enriching and extending the ontology content. Terminology version: SNOMED-CT 2025 LOINC 2025 Race 2025 ICD10 2021 ICDO3 2020 NAACCR 2018 Cancer Modifier 2022 OMOP Genomic 2024 RadLex 2024
collectionMethod
hasBirthSex
hasBodySite
hasCondition
hasEquipmentManufacturer
hasHistology
hasImageBodyPart
hasImageModality
hasLocation
hasPathologyConfirmation
interoperabilityLevel
Brain and spinal cord structure (body structure)
Structure of basal part of peripheral zone of left half prostate
Structure of basal part of peripheral zone of left half prostate (body structure)
Structure of posterior section of prostate
Structure of posterior section of prostate (body structure)
Structure of peripheral glandular zone of prostate
Structure of peripheral glandular zone of prostate (body structure)
PI-RADS: The peripheral zone covers the outer posterior, lateral, and apex regions of the prostate. It makes up most of the apex of the prostate. [RADLEX]
The region of the prostate that is located most superficial and posterior as compared to the other prostate zones. It is located closest to the rectum, and is easily palpated on digital rectal exam. This zone of the prostate surrounds the distal urethra, and is the zone of origin for the vast majority of prostatic cancers. [NCIT]
Small intestine
Structure of small intestine (body structure)
Organ with organ cavity which is continuous proximally with the stomach and distally with the large intestine. [FMA]
The section of the intestines between the pylorus and cecum. The small intestine is approximately 20 feet long and consists of the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. Its main function is to absorb nutrients from food as the food is transported to the large intestine. [NCIT]
Head and neck
Head and Neck structure
For oncology, an area of the body generally construed to comprise the base of skull and facial bones, sinuses, orbits, salivary glands, oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, thyroid, facial and neck musculature and lymph nodes draining these areas. [NCIT]
Structure of free upper limb (body structure)
Structure of joint region (body structure)
Structure of thoracic segment of trunk (body structure)
Subdivision of trunk which has as its parts the thorax and the back of thorax. Examples: There is only one thoracic segment of trunk. [RADLEX]
This segment relates to the volume of the trunk that is bounded by and includes: superiorly the thoracic inlet; inferiorly the thoracic diaphragm; posteriorly the spinal column and back of the thorax; and laterally the chest wall: it contains the thoracic cavity and contents, and includes all the overlying muscles, skin and subcutaneous tissue. [SNOMEDCT]
Structure of lung and/or mediastinum (body structure)
Pulmonary structure including vessels and lymphoid tissue
Pulmonary structure including vessels and lymphoid tissue (body structure)
Right posteromedial middle peripheral zone of prostate
Structure of posteromedial middle regional part of peripheral zone of right half prostate
Structure of posteromedial middle regional part of peripheral zone of right half prostate (body structure)
The region of the prostate that is located on the anatomical right side of the posteromedial portion of the middle division of the peripheral zone. [NCIT]
Left posteromedial apical peripheral zone of prostate
Structure of posteromedial apical part of peripheral zone of left half prostate
Structure of posteromedial apical part of peripheral zone of left half prostate (body structure)
The region of the prostate that is located on the anatomical left side of the posteromedial portion of the apical division of the peripheral zone. [NCIT]
Structure of apical part of peripheral zone of prostate
Structure of apical part of peripheral zone of prostate (body structure)
Right anterior apical part of transition zone of prostate
Structure of anterior apical part of transition zone of right half prostate
Structure of anterior apical part of transition zone of right half prostate (body structure)
Foot
The structure found below the ankle joint. [NCIT]
Prostate
A gland in males that surrounds the neck of the bladder and the urethra. It secretes a substance that liquefies coagulated semen. It is situated in the pelvic cavity behind the lower part of the pubic symphysis, above the deep layer of the triangular ligament, and rests upon the rectum. [MeSH]
The walnut shaped accessory sex gland of the male reproductive system. It is located in the pelvis just below the bladder, surrounding the prostatic part of the urethra. The prostate gland secretes a fluid which is part of the semen. [NCIT]
Lower body part structure
Lower body part structure (body structure)
Intra-abdominal digestive structure (body structure)
Left posterolateral apical peripheral zone of prostate
Structure of posterolateral apical part of peripheral zone of left half prostate
Structure of posterolateral apical part of peripheral zone of left half prostate (body structure)
The region of the prostate that is located on the anatomical left side of the posterolateral portion of the apical division of the peripheral zone. [NCIT]
Right anterior basal peripheral zone of prostate
Structure of anterior basal part of peripheral zone of right half prostate
Structure of anterior basal part of peripheral zone of right half prostate (body structure)
The region of the prostate that is located on the anatomical right side of the anterior portion of the basal division of the peripheral zone. [NCIT]
Structure of right half of prostate (body structure)
Structure of long bone of lower limb (body structure)
Structure of organ within abdomen proper cavity
Structure of organ within abdomen proper cavity (body structure)
Structure of systemic artery of trunk (body structure)
Structure of breast and/or endocrine system
Structure of breast and/or endocrine system (body structure)
Structure of joint region of lower extremity
Structure of joint region of lower extremity (body structure)
Left anterior middle transition zone of prostate
Structure of anterior middle regional part of transition zone of left half prostate
Structure of anterior middle regional part of transition zone of left half prostate (body structure)
The region of the prostate that is located on the anatomical left side of the anterior portion of the middle division of the transition zone. [NCIT]
Structure of base of prostate (body structure)
Left posterior middle transition zone of prostate
Structure of posterior middle regional part of transition zone of left half prostate
Structure of posterior middle regional part of transition zone of left half prostate (body structure)
The region of the prostate that is located on the anatomical left side of the posterior portion of the middle division of the transition zone. [NCIT]
Prostatic gland structure (body structure)
Non-coronary systemic artery structure (body structure)
Shoulder
Shoulder region structure (body structure)
The body part defined by the shoulder joint and its surrounding structures
The region of the body between the neck and the upper arm. [NCIT]
Structure of half of body lateral to midsagittal plane
Structure of half of body lateral to midsagittal plane (body structure)
Urinary tract
The parts of the urinary system that discharge urine. These include the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, and urethra. [NCIT]
Retroperitoneal compartment structure (body structure)
Right middle anterior fibromuscular stroma of prostate
Structure of middle regional part of anterior fibromuscular stroma of right half prostate
Structure of middle regional part of anterior fibromuscular stroma of right half prostate (body structure)
The portion of the fibromuscular stroma of the prostate that is located on the anatomical right side of the middle division of the anterior lobe. [NCIT]
Right posterolateral apical peripheral zone of prostate
Structure of posterolateral apical part of peripheral zone of right half prostate
Structure of posterolateral apical part of peripheral zone of right half prostate (body structure)
The region of the prostate that is located on the anatomical right side of the posterolateral portion of the apical division of the peripheral zone. [NCIT]
Right middle transition zone of prostate
Structure of middle regional part of transition zone of right half prostate
Structure of middle regional part of transition zone of right half prostate (body structure)
Brain
An organ composed of grey and white matter containing billions of neurons that is the center for intelligence and reasoning. It is protected by the bony cranium. [NCIT]
Segment of neuraxis that has as its parts gray matter and white matter that surround the cerebral ventricular system; Examples: There is only one brain. [RADLEX]
The body part defined by the hip joint and surrounding structures, including the region from the iliac crest to the thigh
Structure of vertebral region of lumbar part of back
Heart and/or pericardium structure (body structure)
Structure of genitourinary system (body structure)
Right apical anterior fibromuscular stroma of prostate
Structure of apical part of anterior fibromuscular stroma of right half prostate
Structure of apical part of anterior fibromuscular stroma of right half prostate (body structure)
The portion of the fibromuscular stroma of the prostate that is located on the anatomical right side of the apical division of the anterior lobe. [NCIT]
Right anterior basal transition zone of prostate
Structure of anterior basal part of transition zone of right half prostate
Structure of anterior basal part of transition zone of right half prostate (body structure)
The region of the prostate that is located on the anatomical right side of the anterior portion of the basal division of the transition zone. [NCIT]
Structure of middle region of prostate (body structure)
Three sections, the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata, that are located at the base of the brain. The brain stem regulates the central nervous system, and is vital as a conduit for motor and sensory innervations. [NCIT]
Structure of pelvic segment of trunk (body structure)
Structure of pelvic segment of trunk including false pelvis
This segment relates to the volume of the trunk that is bounded superiorly by and includes: superiorly the boundary of the false pelvis, which is an artificial plane from the symphysis pubis to the superior iliac crests (in front it is incomplete, presenting a wide interval between the anterior borders of the ilia); and inferiorly the perineum and external genitalia. The volume includes the entire transverse thickness of the body over the longitudinal extent between these upper (superior) and lower (inferior) boundaries including the overlying muscles, skin and subcutaneous tissue. The segment includes the volume of the true and false pelvic cavities including the bony pelvis and pelvic wall and the entire perineum and external genitalia. Note, the entire bony pelvis is included within the pelvic segment (but is excluded from the abdomen proper segment of trunk); however the pelvic segment of trunk and the abdomen proper segment of trunk both include the volume of the false pelvis. [SNOMEDCT]
Structure of half of trunk lateral to midsagittal plane
Lumbar spine
Structure of lumbar vertebral column (body structure)
Those vertebrae between the ribs and the pelvis, L1-L5 in man. [NCIT]
Lumbar vertebral column
Structure of musculoskeletal system of cervical spine
Musculoskeletal structure of cervical spine
Structure of musculoskeletal system of cervical spine (body structure)
Scalp and/or neck structure (body structure)
Chest
Subdivision of trunk proper, which is demarcated from the neck by the plane of the superior thoracic aperture and from the abdomen internally by the inferior surface of the diaphragm and externally by the costal margin and associated with the thoracic vertebral column and ribcage and from the back of the thorax by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage, the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column and the posterior axillary lines; together with the abdomen and the perineum, it constitutes the trunk proper. [FMA]
The anterior side of the thorax from the neck to the abdomen. The shape of the chest is often regarded as potential insight into a disease process, as in the case of barrel chest and respiratory dysfunction. [NCIT]
Thorax
Right anterior middle transition zone of prostate
Structure of anterior middle regional part of transition zone of right half prostate
Structure of anterior middle regional part of transition zone of right half prostate (body structure)
The region of the prostate that is located on the anatomical right side of the anterior portion of the middle division of the transition zone. [NCIT]
Structure of left half of prostate (body structure)
Structure of basal part of transition zone of prostate
Structure of basal part of transition zone of prostate (body structure)
Regional lymph node structure (body structure)
Structure of ankle and/or foot (body structure)
Heart
A hollow organ located slightly to the left of the middle portion of the chest. It is composed of muscle and it is divided by a septum into two sides: the right side which receives de-oxygenated blood from the body and the left side which sends newly oxygenated blood to the body. Each side is composed of two chambers: the atrium (receiving blood) and ventricle (ejecting blood). [NCIT]
The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood. [MeSH]
Structure of half of thorax lateral to midsagittal plane
Structure of half of thorax lateral to midsagittal plane (body structure)
Spine
Structure of vertebral column (body structure)
A series of bones, muscles, tendons, and other tissues reaching from the base of the skull to the tailbone. The vertebral column forms the axis of the skeleton and encloses as well as protects the spinal cord and the fluid surrounding the spinal cord. [NCIT]
Structure of vertebral column
Right posterior middle transition zone of prostate
Structure of posterior middle regional part of transition zone of right half prostate
Structure of posterior middle regional part of transition zone of right half prostate (body structure)
The region of the prostate that is located on the anatomical right side of the posterior portion of the middle division of the transition zone. [NCIT]
Right posterolateral basal peripheral zone of prostate
Structure of posterolateral basal part of peripheral zone of right half prostate
Structure of posterolateral basal part of peripheral zone of right half prostate (body structure)
The region of the prostate that is located on the anatomical right side of the posterolateral portion of the basal division of the peripheral zone. [NCIT]
Structure of lymphatic system of upper limb
Left lateral middle peripheral zone of prostate
Structure of lateral middle regional part of peripheral zone of left half prostate
Structure of lateral middle regional part of peripheral zone of left half prostate (body structure)
Adrenal gland
A flattened, roughly triangular body resting upon the upper end of each kidney; it is one of the ductless glands furnishing internal secretions (epinephrine and norepinephrine from the medulla and steroid hormones from the cortex). [NCIT]
A pair of glands located at the cranial pole of each of the two kidneys. Each adrenal gland is composed of two distinct endocrine tissues with separate embryonic origins, the adrenal cortex producing steroids and the adrenal medulla producing neurotransmitters. [MeSH]
Uterus
A hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ located within the pelvic cavity of a woman. Within the uterus the fertilized egg implants and the fetus develops during pregnancy. [NCIT]
Organ with organ cavity which is continuous proximally with the right and left uterine tubes and distally is connected to the vagina. {FMA]
Prostatic and/or seminal vesicle structures
Prostatic and seminal vesicle structures
Prostatic and/or seminal vesicle structures (body structure)
Structure of free lower limb (body structure)
Left anterior basal transition zone of prostate
Structure of anterior basal part of transition zone of left half prostate
Structure of anterior basal part of transition zone of left half prostate (body structure)
The region of the prostate that is located on the anatomical left side of the anterior portion of the basal division of the transition zone. [NCIT]
Structure of apical part of peripheral zone of left half prostate
Structure of apical part of peripheral zone of left half prostate (body structure)
Structure of apical part of peripheral zone of leftt half prostate
Pelvis
Subdivision of abdomen, which is demarcated from the abdomen proper by the plane of the superior pelvic aperture, and from the perineum by the inferior surface of the pelvic diaphragm; together with the abdomen proper, it constitutes the abdomen. [FMA]
The bony, basin-shaped structure formed by the hipbones and the base of the backbone supporting the lower limbs in humans. [NCIT]
This structure, also termed the pelvic region, includes the wall, cavity and content of both the true and false pelvis; it consequently incorporates the entire bony pelvis; and inferiorly it is bounded and includes the pelvic diaphragm. The structure incorporates the complete pelvic wall; sacrococcygeal region (including the overlying skin and subcutaneous tissue); the contents of the false pelvic cavity; but in contrast to the 'pelvic segment of trunk' excludes the perineum, external genitalia. [SNOMEDCT]
Pelvic region
Structure of abdominopelvic cross-sectional segment of trunk
Structure of abdominopelvic cross-sectional segment of trunk (body structure)
This cross-sectional segment is bounded superiorly by a virtual horizontal plane at the level of the junction between T8 and T9 (and thus also includes part of the thoracic volume below this level); and inferiorly it extends to the perineum, including the volume of the true and false pelvic cavities and part but not necessarily the entire external genitalia. The volume includes the entire transverse thickness of the body over the longitudinal extent between the superior (upper) and inferior (lower) boundaries including the skin and subcutaneous tissue. The segment relates to the cross-sectional or projectional volume as perceived by transmissive or emissive imaging. [SNOMEDCT]
This cross-sectional segment is bounded superiorly by a virtual horizontal plane at the level of the junction between T8 and T9 (and thus also includes part of the thoracic volume below this level); and inferiorly it extends to the perineum, including the volume of the true and false pelvic cavities and part but not necessarily the entire external genitalia. The volume includes the entire transverse thickness of the body over the longitudinal extent between the superior (upper) and inferior (lower) boundaries including the skin and subcutaneous tissue. The segment relates to the projectional volume as perceived by transmissive or emissive imaging. [SNOMEDCT]
Structure of musculoskeletal system of thoracic spine
Musculoskeletal structure of thoracic spine
Structure of musculoskeletal system of thoracic spine (body structure)
Structure of body conduit (body structure)
Upper body part structure (body structure)
Face and/or neck structure (body structure)
Right anterior middle peripheral zone of prostate
Structure of anterior middle regional part of peripheral zone of right half prostate
Structure of anterior middle regional part of peripheral zone of right half prostate (body structure)
The region of the prostate that is located on the anatomical right side of the anterior portion of the middle division of the peripheral zone. [NCIT]
Structure of transition zone of prostate
Structure of transition zone of prostate (body structure)
PI-RADS: Tissue around the urethra that is separated from the peripheral zone by the “surgical capsule” delineated as a low signal line on T2 weighted MRI. It is the site of most BPH. [RADLEX]
The region of the prostate gland that is located deep to both the central and peripheral zones; it surrounds the proximal urethra, and is the zone of the prostate gland that grows throughout life, most often causing a condition called benign prostatic hypertrophy. [NCIT]
Structure of middle regional part of peripheral zone of prostate
Structure of middle regional part of peripheral zone of prostate (body structure)
Structure of orbital region (body structure)
Structure of large artery (body structure)
Liver structure
A triangular-shaped organ located under the diaphragm in the right hypochondrium. It is the largest internal organ of the body, weighting up to 2 kg. Metabolism and bile secretion are its main functions. It is composed of cells which have the ability to regenerate. [NCIT]
Lobular organ which has as its parts lobules connected to the biliary tree. Examples: There is only one liver. [RADLEX]
Pectoral region structure (body structure)
Mediastinum
An anatomic site along the midline and under the sternum that contains the heart and pericardium, the bases of the great vessels, the trachea and bronchi, esophagus, thymus, lymph nodes, thoracic duct, phrenic and vagus nerves, and other structures and tissues. [NCIT]
Axial skeleton structure (body structure)
Right posteromedial apical peripheral zone of prostate
Structure of posteromedial apical part of peripheral zone of right half prostate
Structure of posteromedial apical part of peripheral zone of right half prostate (body structure)
The region of the prostate that is located on the anatomical right side of the posteromedial portion of the apical division of the peripheral zone. [NCIT]
Right apical transition zone of prostate
Structure of apical part of transition zone of right half prostate
Structure of apical part of transition zone of right half prostate (body structure)
right side of apical part of transition zone of prostate
Knee
A joint connecting the lower part of the femur with the upper part of the tibia. The lower part of the femur and the upper part of the tibia are attached to each other by ligaments. Other structures of the knee joint include the upper part of the fibula, located below and parallel to the tibia, and the patella which moves as the knee bends. [NCIT]
The body part defined by the knee joint and its surrounding structures
Lung structure
Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood. [MeSH]
One of a pair of viscera occupying the pulmonary cavities of the thorax, the organs of respiration in which aeration of the blood takes place. As a rule, the right lung is slightly larger than the left and is divided into three lobes (an upper, a middle, and a lower or basal), while the left has two lobes (an upper and a lower or basal). Each lung is irregularly conical in shape, presenting a blunt upper extremity (the apex), a concave base following the curve of the diaphragm, an outer convex surface (costal surface), an inner or mediastinal surface (mediastinal surface), a thin and sharp anterior border, and a thick and rounded posterior border. [NCIT]
Digestive organ structure (body structure)
Liver and/or biliary structure (body structure)
Curation of this category is in progress
Body region structure
Body region
Structure of upper urinary system (body structure)
Middle anterior fibromuscular stroma of prostate
Structure of middle regional part of anterior fibromuscular stroma of prostate
Structure of middle regional part of anterior fibromuscular stroma of prostate (body structure)
collicular part of anterior fibromuscular stroma of prostate
middle region of anterior fibromuscular stroma of prostate
Head
The anterior and superior part of a human bearing the mouth, the brain and sensory organs. [NCIT]
Neck
The region that connects the head to the rest of the body. [NCIT]
Structure of musculoskeletal system of lumbar spine
Musculoskeletal structure of lumbar spine
Structure of musculoskeletal system of lumbar spine (body structure)
Auricular region structure (body structure)
Musculoskeletal structure of spine (body structure)
Right posterolateral middle peripheral zone of prostate
Structure of posterolateral middle regional part of peripheral zone of right half prostate
Structure of posterolateral middle regional part of peripheral zone of right half prostate (body structure)
The region of the prostate that is located on the anatomical right side of the posterolateral portion of the middle division of the peripheral zone. [NCIT]
Structure of basal part of transition zone of right half prostate
Structure of basal part of transition zone of right half prostate (body structure)
Rectum structure
The distal segment of the large intestine, between the sigmoid colon and the anal canal. [MeSH]
The terminal portion of the gastrointestinal tract, extending from the rectosigmoid junction to the anal canal. [NCIT]
Structure of basal part of peripheral zone of prostate
Structure of basal part of peripheral zone of prostate (body structure)
Structure of subdivision of abdominopelvic compartment
Skull
Bone structure of cranium (body structure)
The bones that form the head, made up of the bones of the braincase and face. [NCIT]
The skeleton of the head including the facial bones and the bones enclosing the brain. [MeSH]
Breast structure
One of two hemispheric projections of variable size situated in the subcutaneous layer over the pectoralis major muscle on either side of the chest. [NCIT]
Region of pectoral part of chest which has as its parts nipple, areola, breast proper. [RADLEX]
Structure of vertebral region of thoracic part of back
Bone and/or joint structure of cranium (body structure)
Right basal anterior fibromuscular stroma of prostate
Structure of basal part of anterior fibromuscular stroma of right half prostate
Structure of basal part of anterior fibromuscular stroma of right half prostate (body structure)
The portion of the fibromuscular stroma of the prostate that is located on the anatomical right side of the basal division of the anterior lobe. [NCIT]
Left apical anterior fibromuscular stroma of prostate
Structure of apical part of anterior fibromuscular stroma of left half prostate
Structure of apical part of anterior fibromuscular stroma of left half prostate (body structure)
The portion of the fibromuscular stroma of the prostate that is located on the anatomical left side of the apical division of the anterior lobe. [NCIT]
Gallbladder
A pear-shaped organ located under the liver that stores and concentrates bile secreted by the liver. From the gallbladder the bile is delivered through the bile ducts into the intestine thereby aiding the digestion of fat-containing foods. [NCIT]
Organ with organ cavity which is continuous proximally with the cystic duct and distally terminates in the fundus of the gallbladder. [FMA]
Aorta
The main trunk of the systemic arteries. [MeSH]
The major arterial trunk that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle into the ascending aorta behind the heart, the aortic arch, through the thorax as the descending aorta and through the abdomen as the abdominal aorta; it bifurcates into the left and right common iliac arteries. [NCIT]
Structure of urinary organ (body structure)
Left middle anterior fibromuscular stroma of prostate
Structure of middle regional part of anterior fibromuscular stroma of left half prostate
Structure of middle regional part of anterior fibromuscular stroma of left half prostate (body structure)
The portion of the fibromuscular stroma of the prostate that is located on the anatomical left side of the middle division of the anterior lobe. [NCIT]
Structure of glandular zone of prostate (body structure)
Lymph node structure of limb (body structure)
Kidney structure
Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of urine and that regulates ion concentrations. [MeSH]
One of the two bean-shaped organs located on each side of the spine in the retroperitoneum. The right kidney is located below the liver and the left kidney below the diaphragm. The kidneys filter and secrete metabolic products and minerals from the blood, thus maintaining homeostasis. On the superior pole of each kidney there is an adrenal gland. Each kidney and adrenal gland is surrounded by fat. [NCIT]
Chest, abdomen, and pelvis
Chest and/or abdomen and/or pelvis structure
Chest and/or abdomen and/or pelvis structure (body structure)
Structure of lateral half of abdomen lateral to midsagittal plane
Structure of lateral half of abdomen lateral to midsagittal plane (body structure)
Basal anterior fibromuscular stroma of prostate
Structure of basal part of anterior fibromuscular stroma of prostate
Structure of basal part of anterior fibromuscular stroma of prostate (body structure)
Axillary lymph nodes are often visible on mammograms. Normal nodes are smaller than 2 cm and contain hyperechoic fatty hilar areas. Larger nodes may be normal when a very thin cortical rim is seen around the hilar fat. Enlarged round lymph nodes or those with small or no fatty hilar areas are abnormal, although there is no specific feature or finding to distinguish a nodal metastasis from a benign reactive node. Presence of fat in the nodal hilus does not exclude metastatic involvement; replacement of the node by tumor may be a gradual process best detected by interval change. In a patient with breast cancer, a cortical bulge or cortical area of increased echogenicity may suggest tumor involvement. A normal lymph node can be up to 2 cm in longest dimension. Larger lymph nodes, 3 cm or longer, with very thin cortical rims and most of the node consisting of fat, are also normal. Large rounded nodes lymph nodes, 3 cm or longer, with very thin cortical rims and most of the node consisting of fat, are also normal. Large rounded nodes with a paucity of hilar fat or none at all, should be evaluated further and correlated clinically. [RADLEX]
Image annotation label (INCISIVE, Annotation Definitions and guidelines)
Axillary lymph node structure (body structure)
Structure of middle regional part of transition zone of prostate
Structure of middle regional part of transition zone of prostate (body structure)
Structure of region of prostate (body structure)
Pelvis and lower extremities
Structure of female genital system in pelvic cavity
Structure of female genital system in pelvic cavity (body structure)
Ear
A sense organ needed for the detection of sound and for establishing balance. The outer ear consists of the auricle, the ear canal as well as the tympanic membrane. The middle ear is made up of an air-filled cavity behind the tympanic membrane that contains the ossicles (malleus, incus and stapes). The inner ear is made up of the cochlea needed for hearing and the vestibular apparatus required for balance. [NCIT]
The hearing and equilibrium system of the body. It consists of three parts: the external ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. Sound waves are transmitted through this organ where vibration is transduced to nerve signals that pass through the acoustic nerve to the central nervous system. The inner ear also contains the vestibular organ that maintains equilibrium by transducing signals to the vestibular nerve. [MeSH]
Lower respiratory tract structure (body structure)
Musculoskeletal structure of sacral spine
Musculoskeletal structure of sacral spine (body structure)
Left posterolateral middle peripheral zone of prostate
Structure of posterolateral middle regional part of peripheral zone of left half prostate
Structure of posterolateral middle regional part of peripheral zone of left half prostate (body structure)
The region of the prostate that is located on the anatomical left side of the posterolateral portion of the middle division of the peripheral zone. [NCIT]
Structure of innermost glandular zone of prostate
Structure of innermost glandular zone of prostate (body structure)
PI-RADS: The central zone is the region of the prostate surrounding the ejaculatory ducts posterior and superior, from the base of the prostate to the verumontanum. Its lateral border fuses with the proximal peripheral zone border at the prostate base. It has the shape of an inverted cone with its base oriented towards the base of the gland. It contains about 20% of the glandular tissue. It contains more stroma than glandular tissue. The term “central gland” refers to the central zone and the transition zone combined. The use of this term is discouraged. If the central zone is not seen as a distinct regional part, then a finding in this region should be localized to the transition zone. [RADLEX]
This region of the prostate gland that is located between the peripheral and transition zones, surrounding the ejaculatory ducts. It gives rise to a very small percentage of prostate cancers, though these cancers are frequently more aggressive, often resulting in invasion of the seminal vesicles. [NCIT]
Structure of right lateral lobe of prostate
Extremity
A body region referring to an upper or lower extremity. [NCIT]
Limb structure
Structure of mammary region (body structure)
Abdomen
Intra-abdominopelvic structure and/or anterior abdominal wall
Structure of abdominopelvic cavity and/or content of abdominopelvic cavity and/or anterior abdominal wall
Structure of abdominopelvic cavity and/or content of abdominopelvic cavity and/or anterior abdominal wall (body structure)
Subdivision of trunk proper which is demarcated from the thorax internally by the inferior surface of the sternocostal part of the diaphragm and externally by the costal margin, from the back of abdomen by the external surface of the posterior abdominal wall, from the perineum by the superior surface of the urogenital diaphragm and from the lower limbs by the inguinal folds; together with the thorax, and perineum, it constitutes the trunk proper. Examples: There is only one abdomen. [FMA]
The cavity located between the lungs and pelvis. It contains the lower esophagus, stomach, pancreas, intestines, liver, gallbladder and spleen. [NCIT]
This is considered the most commonly used clinical variant of 'abdomen' and relates to the space and content within the abdominopelvic cavity plus the anterior and lateral abdominal wall. The volume is bounded by, but excludes: superiorly the thoracic diaphragm; inferiorly the pelvic diaphragm; and posteriorly the posterior wall of the abdomen proper: The pelvic component consists of the cavity of the true pelvis, which is bounded by, but excludes, the pelvic wall. Anteriorly this volume is bounded and includes the anterior abdominal (including the lateral abdominal wall). [SNOMEDCT]
Structure of peripheral auditory system (body structure)
Structure of lymphatic system (body structure)
Left posterolateral basal peripheral zone of prostate
Structure of posterolateral basal part of peripheral zone of left half prostate
Structure of posterolateral basal part of peripheral zone of left half prostate (body structure)
The region of the prostate that is located on the anatomical left side of the posterolateral portion of the basal division of the peripheral zone. [NCIT]
Structure of basal part of peripheral zone of right half prostate
Structure of basal part of peripheral zone of right half prostate (body structure)
Structure of apex of prostate (body structure)
Subdivision of intra-abdominopelvic structure
Structure of female internal genital organ
Structure of female internal genital organ (body structure)
Structure of vertebral region of cervical part of back
Chest and abdomen
Chest and/or abdomen structure (body structure)
Biliary tract structure (body structure)
Structure of vertebral column and/or spinal cord
Structure of vertebral column and/or spinal cord (body structure)
Right posterior apical part of transition zone of prostate
Structure of posterior apical part of transition zone of right half prostate
Structure of posterior apical part of transition zone of right half prostate (body structure)
Apical anterior fibromuscular stroma of prostate
Structure of apical part of anterior fibromuscular stroma of prostate
Structure of apical part of anterior fibromuscular stroma of prostate (body structure)
apical region of anterior fibromuscular stroma of prostate
distal region of anterior fibromuscular stroma of prostate
inferior part of anterior fibromuscular stroma of prostate
Structure of apical part of transition zone of left half prostate
Structure of apical part of transition zone of left half prostate (body structure)
left side of apical part of transition zone of prostate
Right apical peripheral zone of prostate
Structure of apical part of peripheral zone of right half prostate
Structure of apical part of peripheral zone of right half prostate (body structure)
Seminal vesicle structure (body structure)
A saclike, glandular diverticulum on each ductus deferens in male vertebrates. It is united with the excretory duct and serves for temporary storage of semen. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) [MeSH] PI-RADS: One of the two paired glands in the male genitourinary system, posterior to the bladder and superior to the prostate gland, that produces fructose-rich seminal fluid which is a component of semen. These glands join the ipsilateral ductus (vas) deferens to form the ejaculatory duct at the base of the prostate. [RADLEX]
One of the two paired glands in the male genitourinary system, posterior to the bladder and superior to the prostate gland, that produces fructose-rich seminal fluid which is a component of semen. These glands join the ipsilateral ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory duct. [NCIT]
A sample that contains lung and bronchial tissues. [NCIT]
Male genital organ structure (body structure)
Thoracic spine
Structure of thoracic vertebral column (body structure)
The vertebrae of the thoracic spine, numbered one through twelve in man. [NCIT]
Structure of lesser wing of sphenoid bone
Structure of lesser wing of sphenoid bone (body structure)
Right posterior basal transition zone of prostate
Structure of posterior basal part of transition zone of right half prostate
Structure of posterior basal part of transition zone of right half prostate (body structure)
The region of the prostate that is located on the anatomical right side of the posterior portion of the basal division of the transition zone. [NCIT]
Structure of middle regional part of transition zone of left half prostate
Structure of middle regional part of transition zone of left half prostate (body structure)
Bone structure of femur (body structure)
The part of the spine in the lower back that consists of the lumbar region and the sacrum. [NCIT]
Optic canal
Structure of spheroidal joint (body structure)
Structure of lymph node (body structure)
A bean-shaped organ surrounded by a connective tissue capsule. It is part of the lymphatic system and is found throughout the body. It is composed predominantly of lymphocytes and its main function is immune protection. [NCIT]
Structure of organ in respiratory system
Structure of organ in respiratory system (body structure)
Neck, chest and abdomen
Intra-abdominal urinary structure (body structure)
Left basal anterior fibromuscular stroma of prostate
Structure of basal part of anterior fibromuscular stroma of left half prostate
Structure of basal part of anterior fibromuscular stroma of left half prostate (body structure)
Structure of anterior section of prostate
Structure of anterior section of prostate (body structure)
Pancreas
An organ behind the lower part of the stomach that is the shape of a fish and about the size of a hand. It is a compound gland composed of both exocrine and endocrine tissues. The endocrine pancreas makes insulin so that the body can use glucose (sugar) for energy. The exocrine pancreas makes enzymes that help the body digest food. Spread all over the pancreas are areas called the Islets of Langerhans. The cells in these areas each have a special purpose. The alpha cells make glucagon, which raises the level of glucose in the blood; the beta cells make insulin; the delta cells make somatostatin. There are also PP cells and D1 cells, about which little is known. [NCIT]
Lobular organ the parenchyma of which consists of glandular acini which communicate via a duct system with the duodenum. [FMA]
Female genital tract structure (body structure)
Structure of thoracic cavity and/or content
Structure of thoracic cavity and/or content (body structure)
An anatomical structure that consists of the maximal set of organ parts so connected to one another that together they constitute a self-contained unit of macroscopic anatomy, distinct both morphologically and functionally from other such units. Together with other organs, an organ constitutes an organ system or a body part. An organ is divisible into organ parts but not organs (examples: femur, biceps, liver, heart, aorta, sciatic nerve, ovary). [SNOMEDCT]
Structure of skull foramen (body structure)
Left anterior middle peripheral zone of prostate
Structure of anterior middle regional part of peripheral zone of left half prostate
Structure of anterior middle regional part of peripheral zone of left half prostate (body structure)
The region of the prostate that is located on the anatomical left side of the anterior portion of the middle division of the peripheral zone. [NCIT]
Left anterior apical part of transition zone of prostate
Structure of anterior apical part of transition zone of left half prostate
Structure of anterior apical part of transition zone of left half prostate (body structure)
Right lateral middle peripheral zone of prostate
Structure of lateral middle regional part of peripheral zone of right half prostate
Structure of lateral middle regional part of peripheral zone of right half prostate (body structure)
Structure of anus and/or rectum (body structure)
Arm
The portion of the upper extremity between the shoulder and the elbow. For clinical purposes this term is also used to refer to the whole superior limb. [NCIT]
The superior part of the upper extremity between the shoulder and the elbow. [MeSH]
Upper extremity, including shoulder, arm, forearm, wrist, and hand
Structure of organ within cavity of true pelvis
Structure of organ within cavity of true pelvis (body structure)
Structure of pulmopleural compartment (body structure)
Structure of central zone of left half prostate
Structure of central zone of left half prostate (body structure)
The portion of the central zone of the prostate that is located to the anatomical left of center. [NCIT]
Left posterior apical part of transition zone of prostate
Structure of posterior apical part of transition zone of left half prostate
Structure of posterior apical part of transition zone of left half prostate (body structure)
Anterior fibromuscular stroma of prostate
Hip joint
A ball-and-socket joint between the head of the femur and the acetabulum. [NCIT]
Joint structure of lower extremity (body structure)
Structure of thoracic viscus (body structure)
Neck and chest
Neck and/or chest structure (body structure)
Left anterior basal peripheral zone of prostate
Structure of anterior basal part of peripheral zone of left half prostate
Structure of anterior basal part of peripheral zone of left half prostate (body structure)
The region of the prostate that is located on the anatomical left side of the anterior portion of the basal division of the peripheral zone. [NCIT]
Structure of orbit proper (body structure)
Structure of pelvic cross-sectional segment of trunk
Structure of pelvic cross-sectional segment of trunk (body structure)
This cross-sectional segment is bounded superiorly by a virtual horizontal plane at the level of the plane traversing the superior boundary of the iliac crest; and inferiorly it extends to the perineum and includes part but not necessarily the entire external genitalia. The segment includes the volume of the true and false pelvic cavities (and also part of the lower abdominal volume below the level of the virtual superior boundary). The volume includes the entire transverse thickness of the body over the longitudinal extent between the superior (upper) and inferior (lower) boundaries including the skin and subcutaneous tissue. The segment relates to the cross-sectional or projectional volume as perceived by transmissive or emissive imaging. [SNOMEDCT]
Structure of shoulder and/or upper arm (body structure)
Cervical spine
Structure of cervical vertebral column (body structure)
The set of vertebrae immediately caudal to the skull. [NCIT]
Structure of endocrine system (body structure)
Endocrine gland structure (body structure)
Left posteromedial middle peripheral zone of prostate
Structure of posteromedial middle regional part of peripheral zone of left half prostate
Structure of posteromedial middle regional part of peripheral zone of left half prostate (body structure)
The region of the prostate that is located on the anatomical left side of the posteromedial portion of the middle division of the peripheral zone. [NCIT]
Left posterior basal transition zone of prostate
Structure of posterior basal part of transition zone of left half prostate
Structure of posterior basal part of transition zone of left half prostate (body structure)
The region of the prostate that is located on the anatomical left side of the posterior portion of the basal division of the transition zone. [NCIT]
Structure of apical part of transition zone of prostate
Structure of apical part of transition zone of prostate (body structure)
Right anterior apical peripheral zone of prostate
Structure of anterior apical part of peripheral zone of right half prostate
Structure of anterior apical part of peripheral zone of right half prostate (body structure)
The region of the prostate that is located on the anatomical right side of the anterior portion of the apical division of the peripheral zone. [NCIT]
Prostate and vas deferens structures (body structure)
Structure of abdominopelvic segment of trunk
Structure of abdominopelvic segment of trunk (body structure)
This segment relates to the volume of the trunk that is bounded by and includes: superiorly thoracic diaphragm and inferiorly the perineum and external genitalia. The volume includes the entire transverse thickness of the body over the longitudinal extent between these upper (superior) and lower (inferior) boundaries including the overlying muscles, skin and subcutaneous tissue. The segment includes the abdominopelvic cavity, contents and wall including the posterior lumbar region, the volume of the true and false pelvic cavities including the bony pelvis and pelvic wall, the entire perineum and external genitalia including skin and subcutaneous tissue. [SNOMEDCT]
Structure of posterior arch of pelvic ring
Structure of posterior arch of pelvic ring (body structure)
Structure of central zone of right half prostate
Structure of central zone of right half prostate (body structure)
The portion of the central zone of the prostate that is located to the anatomical right of center. [NCIT]
Structure of basal part of transition zone of left half prostate
Structure of basal part of transition zone of left half prostate (body structure)
Left anterior apical peripheral zone of prostate
Structure of anterior apical part of peripheral zone of left half prostate
Structure of anterior apical part of peripheral zone of left half prostate (body structure)
Structure of anterior apical part of peripheral zone of leftt half prostate
The region of the prostate that is located on the anatomical left side of the anterior portion of the apical division of the peripheral zone. [NCIT]
Colon structure
The part of the large intestine measured from the cecum to the rectum consisting of ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid portions. The purpose of the colon is to remove water from digested food prior to excretion. [NCIT]
Sacrum
Structure of sacral vertebral column (body structure)
The triangular bone, made up of 5 fused bones of the spine, located in the lower area of the spine between the fifth lumbar vertebra and the coccyx. [NCIT]
Structure of great blood vessel (organ) (body structure)
Structure of upper lobe of lung (body structure)
Structure of surface region of upper back
Structure of surface region of back of thoracic segment of trunk
Cervix uteri including exocervix and endocervix
Connective, subcutaneous and other soft tissues
Connective, Subcutaneous and other soft tissues of lower limb and hip
Structure of half of brain lateral to midsagittal plane
Structure of subregion of head (body structure)
Occipital region structure (body structure)
Frontal region structure (body structure)
This module defines the categories/entities that are specified in clinical context (e.g., cancer types, histologic types, body parts, lab tests, treatments, surgical procedures, staging/grading methods or systems, etc.).
Clinical & Biological Module
Measurement
Clinical finding
Procedure
Neoplasm of large intestine
Malignant tumor of large intestine
Malignant tumor of large intestine (disorder)
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the colon or rectum. Representative examples include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma. [NCIT]
Cancer of large intestine
Malignant neoplasm of colon and/or rectum
Colorectal Cancer
Malignant neoplasm of colon and/or rectum (disorder)
Neoplasm of colon
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the colon. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include lipoma and leiomyoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma. Colonic adenomas always exhibit epithelial dysplasia and are considered premalignant neoplasms. [NCIT]
Malignant neoplasm of colon
Colon cancer
A malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the colon and invades through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa. The vast majority are adenocarcinomas. [NCIT]
Neoplasm of breast
A benign or malignant neoplasm of the breast parenchyma. It can originate from the ducts, lobules or the breast adipose tissue. Breast neoplasms are much more common in females than males. [NCIT]
Breast cancer
A carcinoma arising from the breast, most commonly the terminal ductal-lobular unit. It is the most common malignant tumor in females. Risk factors include country of birth, family history, menstrual and reproductive history, fibrocystic disease and epithelial hyperplasia, exogenous estrogens, contraceptive agents, and ionizing radiation. The vast majority of breast carcinomas are adenocarcinomas (ductal or lobular). Breast carcinoma spreads by direct invasion, by the lymphatic route, and by the blood vessel route. The most common site of lymph node involvement is the axilla. [NCIT]
Malignant glioma
Glioma, malignant (morphologic abnormality)
A grade 3 or grade 4 glioma arising from the central nervous system. This category includes glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic ependymoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, and anaplastic oligoastrocytoma. [NCIT]
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (disorder)
A glioma that grows diffusely in the pons. It usually affects children and has a poor prognosis. [NCIT]
High grade glioma (morphologic abnormality)
Neoplasm of lung
A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm involving the lungs. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include adenoma, papilloma, chondroma, and endobronchial lipoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, carcinoid tumor, sarcoma, and lymphoma. [NCIT]
Malignant tumor of lung
Lung Cancer
A carcinoma originating in the lung. Lung carcinomas usually arise from the epithelium that lines the bronchial tree (bronchogenic carcinomas), and are classified as small cell or non-small cell carcinomas. Non-small cell lung carcinomas are usually adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, or large cell carcinomas. Metastatic carcinomas to the lung are also common, and can be difficult to distinguish from primary tumors. [NCIT]
Neuroblastoma (morphologic abnormality)
Schwannian stroma-poor peripheral neuroblastic neoplasm
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51) [MeSH]
A malignant neuroblastic tumor characterized by the presence of neuroblastic cells, the absence of ganglion cells, and the absence of a prominent Schwannian stroma formation. [NCIT]
Primary malignant neoplasm of breast
Primary malignant neoplasm of breast (disorder)
Epithelioid glioblastoma (morphologic abnormality)
Neoplasm of liver
Malignant neoplasm of liver
Liver cancer
Malignant neoplasm of liver and intrahepatic bile ducts
A carcinoma that arises from the hepatocytes or intrahepatic bile ducts. The main subtypes are hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma) and cholangiocarcinoma. [NCIT]
Primary malignant neoplasm of liver
Primary malignant neoplasm of liver (disorder)
An epithelial or non-epithelial malignant neoplasm that arises from the liver. Representative examples include hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma. [NCIT]
Giant cell glioblastoma (morphologic abnormality)
Neoplasm of prostate
A benign, borderline, or malignant neoplasm that affects the prostate gland. Representative examples include benign prostate phyllodes tumor, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, prostate carcinoma, and prostate sarcoma. [NCIT]
Malignant neoplasm of prostate
Cancer of prostate
One of the most common malignant tumors afflicting men. The majority of carcinomas arise in the peripheral zone and a minority occur in the central or the transitional zone of the prostate gland. Grossly, prostatic carcinomas appear as ill-defined yellow areas of discoloration in the prostate gland lobes. Adenocarcinomas represent the overwhelming majority of prostatic carcinomas. Prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) serum test is widely used as a screening test for the early detection of prostatic carcinoma. Treatment options include radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, androgen ablation and cryotherapy. Watchful waiting or surveillance alone is an option for older patients with low-grade or low-stage disease. [NCIT]
Neoplasm of rectum
A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the rectum. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include lipoma and leiomyoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma. Rectal adenomas always exhibit epithelial dysplasia and are considered premalignant neoplasms. [NCIT]
Malignant neoplasm of rectum
Rectal cancer
A malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the rectum. The vast majority are adenocarcinomas. [NCIT]
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the tissues of the thorax. [NCIT]
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the small intestine, large intestine, or both. Representative examples are carcinomas, lymphomas, and sarcomas. [NCIT]
Oligodendroglioma (morphologic abnormality)
Malignant neoplasm of lower respiratory tract
Malignant neoplasm of lower respiratory tract (disorder)
Malignant tumor of gallbladder (disorder)
Primary malignant neoplasm of gallbladder
Malignant tumor of male genital organ (disorder)
Primary malignant neoplasm of oesophagus
Malignant neoplasm of intraabdominal organ
Malignant neoplasm of intraabdominal organ (disorder)
[BI-RADS]: Mammo: As an associated feature, this may be used in conjunction with one or more other findings to describe calcifications within or immediately adjacent to the finding(s) (see descriptors or calcifications, section B of BI-RADS). [RADLEX]
[BI-RADS] US: Calcifications situated in fat or fibroglandular tissue are less conspicuous than when present within a mass. [RadLex]
Malignant neoplasm of anorectum (disorder)
Embryonal neuroepithelial tumor (morphologic abnormality)
A well-differentiated epithelial neuroendocrine neoplasm of low, intermediate, or high grade. [NCIT]
Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via apud cells), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition. [MeSH]
Malignant neuroendocrine neoplasm, neural
Malignant neuroendocrine neoplasm, neural (morphologic abnormality)
A malignant tumor at the original site of growth. [NCIT]
Primary malignant neoplasm of trunk (disorder)
Primary malignant neoplasm of intra-abdominal organs
Primary malignant neoplasm of intra-abdominal organs (disorder)
Malignant epithelial neoplasm (disorder)
A malignant tumor arising from epithelial cells. Carcinomas that arise from glandular epithelium are called adenocarcinomas, those that arise from squamous epithelium are called squamous cell carcinomas, and those that arise from transitional epithelium are called transitional cell carcinomas. Morphologically, the malignant epithelial cells may display abnormal mitotic figures, anaplasia, and necrosis. Carcinomas are graded by the degree of cellular differentiation as well, moderately, or poorly differentiated. Carcinomas invade the surrounding tissues and tend to metastasize to other anatomic sites. Lung carcinoma, skin carcinoma, breast carcinoma, colon carcinoma, and prostate carcinoma are the most frequently seen carcinomas. [NCIT]
Malignant neoplasms of bone and articular cartilage
PI-RADS: One of the most common malignant tumors afflicting men. The majority of carcinomas arise in the peripheral zone and a minority occur in the central or the transition zone of the prostate gland. Adenocarcinomas represent the overwhelming majority of prostatic carcinomas. [RADLEX]
Primary malignant neoplasm of urinary bladder
Metastasis to digestive organs (disorder)
Metastatic malignant neoplasm to liver (disorder)
Secondary malignant neoplasm of intra-abdominal organs
Cancer metastatic to intra-abdominal organs
Metastatic malignant neoplasm of intra-abdominal organs
Metastatic malignant neoplasm to intra-abdominal organs
Metastatic malignant neoplasm to intra-abdominal organs (disorder)
BI-RADS US:Macrocalcifcations are coarse calcifications that are 0.5mm or greater in size. As in other areas of the body, macrocalcifications will attenuate the acoustic beam and cause acoustic shadowing. [RADLEX]
PSA - Serum prostate specific antigen level
Prostate specific antigen measurement (procedure)
The determination of the prostate specific antigen present in a sample. [NCIT]
Finding of abdominopelvic segment of trunk
Finding related to ability to pass urine
ANTINEOPLASTIC AND IMMUNOMODULATING AGENTS
Fine needle aspiration of breast (procedure)
A method of needle biopsy where prostate tissue samples are taken from multiple predetermined locations, without targeting specific areas. [NCIT]
A method of image-guided needle biopsy which merges previously taken MRI images of suspected cancer with real-time ultrasound prostate tissue so that samples are preferentially taken from areas of interest or suspicion. [NCIT]
Fine needle aspiration biopsy of prostate
Mixed ductal and lobular carcinoma in situ of breast
DCIS (Ductal carcinoma in situ) of breast
LCIS (lobular carcinoma in situ) of breast
Disorder of abdominopelvic segment of trunk
Malignant neoplasms of female genital organs
Malignant neoplasm of uterus, part unspecified
Primary malignant neoplasm of uterine cervix
Abnormal finding on evaluation procedure
History of cancer metastatic to brain (situation)
History of cancer metastatic to liver (situation)
History of cancer metastatic to lung (situation)
History of cancer metastatic to lymph nodes
History of cancer metastatic to lymph nodes (situation)
History of disseminated malignant neoplasm
History of disseminated malignant neoplasm (situation)
History of metastatic malignant neoplasm
History of metastatic malignant neoplasm (situation)
Complete clearance of the tumor with histologically proved negative margins. [NCIT]
Surgical removal of a part of a lesion; some portion of the lesion is detectable on post-operative evaluation. [NCIT]
Surgical removal of an entire visible lesion, with no obvious lesion detected on post-operative evaluation; microscopic residual disease may be present. [NCIT]
Brain@Subtotal resection of tumor, lesion or mass in brain
Brain@Gross total resection of lobe of brain (lobectomy)
Surgical removal of a lobe of the brain. [NCIT]
Intensity modulated intracavitary brachytherapy
Intensity modulated intracavitary brachytherapy (procedure)
Radiotherapy - intraoperative control (procedure)
Volumetric modulated arc therapy (procedure)
External beam radiation therapy using photons
External beam radiation therapy using photons (procedure)
External beam radiotherapy using photons
Ultra high dose rate radiotherapy (procedure)
Two dimensional external beam radiation therapy
2D (two dimensional) external beam radiotherapy
2D-EBRT - two dimensional external beam radiation therapy
Two dimensional external beam radiation therapy (procedure)
Three dimensional external beam radiation therapy
3D (three dimensional) external beam teleradiotherapy
3D-EBRT - three dimensional external beam radiation therapy
Three dimensional external beam radiation therapy (procedure)
External beam radiation therapy procedure
External radiation therapy using superficial radiation
External radiation therapy using superficial radiation (procedure)
Functional finding of gastrointestinal tract
Malignant neoplasm of genitourinary organ
Mixed ductal and lobular carcinoma of breast
Carcinoma of breast with ductal and lobular features
Infiltrating lobular carcinoma of breast
Breast Carcinoma by Gene Expression Profile
HER2 positive(enriched)/HR negative (non-luminal)
HER2 positive (enriched)/HR positive (luminal)
Luminal B Estrogen Receptor Positive Subtype of Breast Carcinoma
A biologic subset of breast carcinoma defined by low to moderate expression of genes characteristic of luminal epithelial cells including estrogen receptor (ER), and high expression of GGH, LAPTM4B, and CCNE1. This subtype of breast cancer is associated with a good prognosis, although not as favorable as the luminal A subtype. [NCIT]
Luminal A Estrogen Receptor Positive Subtype of Breast Carcinoma
A biologic subset of breast carcinoma defined by high expression of genes characteristic of luminal epithelial cells, including estrogen receptor (ER), estrogen regulated protein LIV-1, and the transcription factors hepatocyte nuclear factor 3, HNF3A, XBP1, and GATA 3. This subtype of breast cancer is associated with a good prognosis. [NCIT]
The most malignant astrocytic tumor (WHO grade 4). It is composed of poorly differentiated neoplastic astrocytes and is characterized by the presence of cellular polymorphism, nuclear atypia, brisk mitotic activity, vascular thrombosis, microvascular proliferation, and necrosis. It typically affects adults and is preferentially located in the cerebral hemispheres. (Adapted from WHO) [NCIT]
Glioblastoma, NOS, of nervous system, NOS
Glioblastoma multiforme of central nervous system
Malignant neoplasm of other connective and soft tissue
Primary malignant neoplasm of male genital organ
Primary malignant neoplasm of prostate (disorder)
Radiation Therapy @ Male Reproductive System (Procedure)
Radiation Therapy, Male Reproductive System, Brachytherapy
Surgical Procedures on the Male Genital System
Gleason grade finding for prostatic cancer
Lymphatic (small vessel) tumor invasion finding
Metastatic malignant neoplasm of retroperitoneum
Metastatic malignant neoplasm to retroperitoneum (disorder)
Metastatic malignant neoplasm to the retroperitoneum
Secondary malignant neoplasm of retroperitoneum
Secondary malignant neoplasm of the retroperitoneum
Diagnostic/Screening Processes or Results
Measurement finding within reference range
Measurement of level of substance in blood
Radiation Therapy @ Male Reproductive System @ Brachytherapy @ Prostate
Radiation Therapy, Male Reproductive System, Beam Radiation
Reason for no specific anti-cancer treatment
Stereotactic radiation therapy using megavoltage radiation
Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues
Other hormone antagonists and related agents
Malignant lymphoma, non-Hodgkin, NOS, of unknown primary site
Ductal carcinoma in situ, solid type of breast, NOS
Adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate gland
Adenosquamous carcinoma of prostate gland
Cancer Modifier:Gleason-Primary_Pattern_Grade-1
Cancer Modifier:Gleason-Primary_Pattern_Grade-2
Cancer Modifier:Gleason-Primary_Pattern_Grade-3
Cancer Modifier:Gleason-Primary_Pattern_Grade-4
Androgen deprivation therapy (procedure)
Basal cell adenocarcinoma of prostate gland
Cancer Modifier:Gleason-Primary_Pattern_Grade-5
Cancer Modifier:Gleason-Secondary_Pattern_Grade-1
Cancer Modifier:Gleason-Secondary_Pattern_Grade-2
Cancer Modifier:Gleason-Secondary_Pattern_Grade-3
Cancer Modifier:Gleason-Secondary_Pattern_Grade-4
Cancer Modifier:Gleason-Secondary_Pattern_Grade-5
Metastatic malignant neoplasm of adrenal gland
Metastatic malignant neoplasm to adrenal gland (disorder)
Secondary malignant neoplasm of adrenal gland
Metastatic malignant neoplasm to brain (disorder)
Free prostate specific antigen level (procedure)
Hormone refractory prostate cancer (disorder)
High risk of recurrence, prostate cancer
Hormone sensitive prostate cancer (disorder)
IMRT - intensity modulated radiation therapy
Intensity modulated radiation therapy (procedure)
Intermediate risk of recurrence, prostate cancer
Laparoscopy, surgical prostatectomy, retropubic radical, including nerve sparing, includes robotic assistance, when performed
Prostate cancer risk of recurrence not determined or neither low, intermediate nor high
Neuroendocrine tumor, NOS, of prostate gland
Infiltrating duct carcinoma, NOS, of prostate gland
Intraductal carcinoma, noninfiltrating, NOS, of prostate gland
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of prostate gland
Small cell carcinoma, NOS, of prostate gland
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status - grade 0
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status - grade 0 (finding)
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status - grade 1
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status - grade 1 (finding)
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status - grade 2
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status - grade 2 (finding)
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status - grade 3
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status - grade 3 (finding)
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status - grade 4
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status - grade 4 (finding)
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status - grade 5
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status - grade 5 (finding)
Gleason grade score 10 out of 10 (finding)
Gleason grade score 2 out of 10 (finding)
Gleason grade score 3 out of 10 (finding)
Gleason grade score 4 out of 10 (finding)
Gleason grade score 5 out of 10 (finding)
Gleason grade score 6 out of 10 (finding)
Gleason grade score 7 out of 10 (finding)
Gleason grade score 8 out of 10 (finding)
Gleason grade score 9 out of 10 (finding)
Lymphatic small vessel invasion by tumor absent
Lymphatic small vessel invasion by tumor present
No anti-cancer treatment - watchful waiting
No anti-cancer treatment - watchful waiting (finding)
Serum testosterone measurement (procedure)
Tissue specimen from prostate (specimen)
Tumor invasion of perineural tissue absent (prostate)
No invasion of perineural tissue by prostate tumor
No invasion of perineural tissue by prostate tumour
Tumor invasion of perineural tissue absent (prostate) (finding)
Tumour invasion of perineural tissue absent (prostate)
Tumor invasion of perineural tissue present (prostate)
Invasion of perineural tissue by prostate tumor present
Invasion of perineural tissue by prostate tumour present
Tumor invasion of perineural tissue present (prostate) (finding)
Tumour invasion of perineural tissue present (prostate)
Vascular invasion by tumor present (finding)
3D CRT three dimensional conformal radiation therapy
Active surveillance of prostate cancer (regime/therapy)
Digital examination of rectum (procedure)
Family history of clinical finding (situation)
Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy using megavoltage radiation
Lesion size, additional dimension (observable entity)
Lesion size, largest dimension (observable entity)
No family history of clinical finding (situation)
No family history of malignancy (situation)
No family history: breast carcinoma (situation)
No family history of ovarian cancer (situation)
Prostate specific antigen within reference range (finding)
Radical perineal prostatectomy (procedure)
Radical retropubic prostatectomy (procedure)
Robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy using robotic assistance
Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy using robotic assistance (procedure)
Radical prostatectomy, laparoscopic with robot assistance
Transitional cell carcinoma, NOS, of prostate gland
A tumour consists of a topography code and a morphology code. [ICDO3]
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) IVA
American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IVA
American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IVA (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) IVB
American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IVB
American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IVB (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) IIB
American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IIB
American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IIB (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) IIIC
American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IIIC
American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IIIC (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) III
American Joint Committee on Cancer stage III
American Joint Committee on Cancer stage III (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) IV
American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IV
American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IV (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) IIIA
American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IIIA
American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IIIA (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) IIA
American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IIA
American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IIA (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) IIC
American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IIC
American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IIC (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) IIIB
American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IIIB
American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IIIB (qualifier value)
Radiation Therapy @ Male Reproductive System @ Beam Radiation @ Prostate Display label: Beam Radiation of Prostate
Radiation Therapy @ Male Reproductive System @ Brachytherapy @ Prostate @ High Dose Rate (HDR) (Display label: Brachytherapy of Prostate - High Dose Rate)
Radiation Therapy @ Male Reproductive System @ Brachytherapy @ Prostate @ Low Dose Rate (LDR) (Display label: Brachytherapy of Prostate - Low Dose Rate)
Squamous cell carcinoma, NOS, of prostate gland
Primary pattern unknown, secondary pattern unknown
Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) tumor staging classifications
One criteria of the TNM staging system. M refers to the presence of metastasis. [NCIT]
One criteria of the TNM staging system. T refers to the extent of tumor involvement at the primary site (T, followed by a number indicating size and depth of invasion). [NCIT]
Prostate specific Ag [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
Prostate-Specific Antigen [Mass/Volume] in Serum or Plasma
A quantitative procedure that measures the concentration (mass/volume) of prostate-specific antigen in a serum or plasma specimen. [NCIT]
Leukocytes [#/volume] in Stem cell product
Insulin [Units/volume] in Serum or Plasma
Cholesterol [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
High density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement
Cholesterol in HDL [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement
Cholesterol in LDL [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
Aspartate aminotransferase [Enzymatic activity/volume] in Serum or Plasma
Alanine aminotransferase [Enzymatic activity/volume] in Blood
Gamma glutamyl transferase [Enzymatic activity/volume] in Serum or Plasma
Alkaline phosphatase [Enzymatic activity/volume] in Blood
Lactate dehydrogenase [Enzymatic activity/volume] in Red Blood Cells
Cortisol [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
C reactive protein [Mass/volume] in Blood by High sensitivity method
Natriuretic peptide B [Mass/volume] in Blood
Hemoglobin A1c/Hemoglobin.total in Blood by HPLC
Albumin/Protein.total in 24 hour Urine by Electrophoresis
Procedure with explicit context (situation)
Laboratory procedures -general (situation)
Anatomic pathology procedure (procedure)
Administration of drug or medicament (procedure)
Medication administration treatments and procedures
Biological agent therapy for malignant disease
Medication administration case management
Procedure related to management of drug administration
Procedure related to management of drug administration (procedure)
Laboratory procedure categorized by method
Laboratory procedure categorized by method (procedure)
Breast cancer genetic marker of susceptibility detected
Breast cancer genetic marker of susceptibility detected (finding)
Breast cancer genetic marker of susceptibility positive
Breast cancer genetic marker of susceptibility not detected
Breast cancer genetic marker of susceptibility negative
Breast cancer genetic marker of susceptibility not detected (finding)
Mammographic breast tissue appearance finding
Mammographic breast tissue appearance finding (finding)
Lymph node observable (observable entity)
Interpretation of findings (observable entity)
Chemotherapeutic Agents, Neoplastic Disease
Medicinal product acting as antineoplastic agent (product)
Laboratory procedure performed (situation)
Procedure on tissue specimen (procedure)
Gross examination and sampling of tissue specimen
Gross examination and sampling of tissue specimen (procedure)
Combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy
Combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy (procedure)
Antineoplastic chemoimmunotherapy (regime/therapy)
Targeted medication therapy review (procedure)
Uses hormone method of contraception (finding)
BRCA1 mutation carrier detection test (procedure)
Breast cancer 1, early onset gene mutation carrier detection test
BRCA2 mutation carrier detection test (procedure)
Breast cancer 2, early onset gene mutation carrier detection test
Breast cancer 1, early onset gene mutation positive
BRCA1 gene mutation not detected (finding)
Breast cancer 1, early onset gene mutation negative
Breast cancer 2, early onset gene mutation positive
BRCA2 gene mutation not detected (finding)
Breast cancer 2, early onset gene mutation negative
Qualitative distribution of primary malignant neoplasm
Qualitative distribution of primary malignant neoplasm (observable entity)
Acoustic feature of mass (observable entity)
Presence of direct invasion by neoplasm (observable entity)
Presence of direct invasion by malignant neoplasm
Presence of direct invasion by malignant neoplasm (observable entity)
Presence of direct invasion by primary malignant neoplasm
Presence of direct invasion by primary malignant neoplasm (observable entity)
Status of invasion by primary malignant neoplasm
Presence of direct invasion by primary malignant neoplasm to lymphatic vessel and/or small blood vessel
Presence of direct invasion by primary malignant neoplasm to lymphatic vessel and/or small blood vessel (observable entity)
Status of lymphovascular invasion by tumor
Status of lymphovascular invasion by tumour
Number of lymph nodes containing metastatic neoplasm in excised specimen
Number of lymph nodes containing metastatic neoplasm in excised specimen (observable entity)
Number of lymph nodes involved by malignant neoplasm
Miller and Payne's Tumor Regression Grade
Status of regression of tumor (observable entity)
Residual cancer burden class (observable entity)
Number of lymph nodes examined by microscopy in excised specimen
Number of lymph nodes examined by microscopy in excised specimen (observable entity)
A fluoropyrimidine carbamate belonging to the class of antineoplastic agents called antimetabolites. As a prodrug, capecitabine is selectively activated by tumor cells to its cytotoxic moiety, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); subsequently, 5-FU is metabolized to two active metabolites, 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP) and 5-fluorouridine triphosphate (FUTP) by both tumor cells and normal cells. FdUMP inhibits DNA synthesis and cell division by reducing normal thymidine production, while FUTP inhibits RNA and protein synthesis by competing with uridine triphosphate for incorporation into the RNA strand. (NCI04)
An anthracycline antibiotic with antineoplastic activity. Doxorubicin, isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius, is the hydroxylated congener of daunorubicin. Doxorubicin intercalates between base pairs in the DNA helix, thereby preventing DNA replication and ultimately inhibiting protein synthesis. Additionally, doxorubicin inhibits topoisomerase II which results in an increased and stabilized cleavable enzyme-DNA linked complex during DNA replication and subsequently prevents the ligation of the nucleotide strand after double-strand breakage. Doxorubicin also forms oxygen free radicals resulting in cytotoxicity secondary to lipid peroxidation of cell membrane lipids; the formation of oxygen free radicals also contributes to the toxicity of the anthracycline antibiotics, namely the cardiac and cutaneous vascular effects. [NCIT]
A 4'-epi-isomer of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin. Epirubicin intercalates into DNA and inhibits topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and ultimately, interfering with RNA and protein synthesis. This agent also produces toxic free-radical intermediates and interacts with cell membrane lipids causing lipid peroxidation. [NCIT]
A compound extracted from the Pacific yew tree Taxus brevifolia with antineoplastic activity. Paclitaxel binds to tubulin and inhibits the disassembly of microtubules, thereby resulting in the inhibition of cell division. This agent also induces apoptosis by binding to and blocking the function of the apoptosis inhibitor protein Bcl-2 (B-cell Leukemia 2). (NCI04)
A semi-synthetic, second-generation taxane derived from a compound found in the European yew tree, Taxus baccata. Docetaxel displays potent and broad antineoplastic properties; it binds to and stabilizes tubulin, thereby inhibiting microtubule disassembly which results in cell- cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and cell death. This agent also inhibits pro-angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and displays immunomodulatory and pro-inflammatory properties by inducing various mediators of the inflammatory response. Docetaxel has been studied for use as a radiation-sensitizing agent. (NCI04)
A second-generation platinum compound with a broad spectrum of antineoplastic properties. Carboplatin contains a platinum atom complexed with two ammonia groups and a cyclobutane-dicarboxyl residue. This agent is activated intracellularly to form reactive platinum complexes that bind to nucleophilic groups such as GC-rich sites in DNA, thereby inducing intrastrand and interstrand DNA cross-links, as well as DNA-protein cross-links. These carboplatin-induced DNA and protein effects result in apoptosis and cell growth inhibition. This agent possesses tumoricidal activity similar to that of its parent compound, cisplatin, but is more stable and less toxic. (NCI04)
A synthetic alkylating agent chemically related to the nitrogen mustards with antineoplastic and immunosuppressive activities. In the liver, cyclophosphamide is converted to the active metabolites aldophosphamide and phosphoramide mustard, which bind to DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and initiating cell death. [NCIT]
An analogue of halichondrin B, a substance derived from a marine sponge (Lissodendoryx sp.) with antineoplastic activity. Eribulin binds to the vinca domain of tubulin and inhibits the polymerization of tubulin and the assembly of microtubules, resulting in inhibition of mitotic spindle assembly, induction of cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, and, potentially, tumor regression. [NCIT]
An antimetabolite and antifolate agent with antineoplastic and immunosuppressant activities. Methotrexate binds to and inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, resulting in inhibition of purine nucleotide and thymidylate synthesis and, subsequently, inhibition of DNA and RNA syntheses. Methotrexate also exhibits potent immunosuppressant activity although the mechanism(s) of actions is unclear. [NCIT]
An antimetabolite fluoropyrimidine analog of the nucleoside pyrimidine with antineoplastic activity. Fluorouracil and its metabolites possess a number of different mechanisms of action. In vivo, fluoruracil is converted to the active metabolite 5-fluoroxyuridine monophosphate (F-UMP); replacing uracil, F-UMP incorporates into RNA and inhibits RNA processing, thereby inhibiting cell growth. Another active metabolite, 5-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-O-monophosphate (F-dUMP), inhibits thymidylate synthase, resulting in the depletion of thymidine triphosphate (TTP), one of the four nucleotide triphosphates used in the in vivo synthesis of DNA. Other fluorouracil metabolites incorporate into both RNA and DNA; incorporation into RNA results in major effects on both RNA processing and functions. [NCIT]
A semisynthetic vinca alkaloid. Vinorelbine binds to tubulin and prevents formation of the mitotic spindle, resulting in the arrest of tumor cell growth in metaphase. This agent may also interfere with amino acid, cyclic AMP. and glutathione metabolism; calmodulin-dependent Ca++ -transport ATPase activity; cellular respiration; and nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis. [NCIT]
A broad-spectrum antimetabolite and deoxycytidine analogue with antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, gemcitabine is converted into the active metabolites difluorodeoxycytidine diphosphate (dFdCDP) and difluorodeoxycytidine triphosphate (dFdCTP) by deoxycytidine kinase. dFdCTP competes with deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) and is incorporated into DNA. This locks DNA polymerase thereby resulting in "masked termination" during DNA replication. On the other hand, dFdCDP inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, thereby decreasing the deoxynucleotide pool available for DNA synthesis. The reduction in the intracellular concentration of dCTP potentiates the incorporation of dFdCTP into DNA. [NCIT]
Herceptin Trastuzumab Biosimilar PF-05280014
A recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). After binding to HER2 on the tumor cell surface, trastuzumab induces an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cells that overexpress HER2. HER2 is overexpressed by many adenocarcinomas, particularly breast adenocarcinomas. (NCI04)
A humanized recombinant monoclonal antibody directed against the extracellular dimerization domain of the HER-2 tyrosine kinase receptor. Binding of the antibody to the dimerization domain of the HER-2 tyrosine kinase receptor protein directly inhibits the ability of the HER-2 tyrosine kinase receptor protein (the most common pairing partner) to dimerize with other HER tyrosine kinase receptor proteins; inhibiting receptor protein dimerization prevents the activation of HER signaling pathways, resulting in tumor cell apoptosis. (NCI04)
Trastuzumab-MCC-DM1 Antibody-Drug Conjugate
An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) consisting of the recombinant anti-epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) monoclonal antibody trastuzumab conjugated to the maytansinoid DM1 via a nonreducible thioether linkage (MCC) with potential antineoplastic activity. The trastuzumab moiety of this ADC binds to HER2 on tumor cell surfaces; upon internalization, the DM1 moiety is released and binds to tubulin, thereby disrupting microtubule assembly/disassembly dynamics and inhibiting cell division and the proliferation of cancer cells that overexpress HER2. Linkage of antibody and drug through a nonreducible linker has been reported to contribute to the improved efficacy and reduced toxicity of this ADC compared to similar ADCs constructed with reducible linkers. [NCIT]
A synthetic, orally-active quinazoline with potential antineoplastic properties. Lapatinib reversibly blocks phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ErbB2, and the Erk-1 and-2 and AKT kinases; it also inhibits cyclin D protein levels in human tumor cell lines and xenografts. EGFR and ErbB2 have been implicated in the growth of various tumor types. [NCIT]
An orally bioavailable inhibitor of the human epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB-2 (also called HER2) with potential antineoplastic activity. Tucatinib selectively binds to and inhibits the phosphorylation of ErbB-2, which may prevent the activation of ErbB-2 signal transduction pathways, resulting in growth inhibition and death of ErbB-2-expressing tumor cells. ErbB-2 is overexpressed in a variety of cancers and plays an important role in cellular proliferation and differentiation. [NCIT]
An irreversible steroidal aromatase inhibitor, with antiestrogen and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, exemestane binds irreversibly to and inhibits the enzyme aromatase, thereby blocking the peripheral aromatization of androgens, including androstenedione and testosterone, to estrogens. This lowers estrogen levels in the blood circulation. [NCIT]
A nonsteroidal inhibitor of estrogen synthesis with antineoplastic activity. As a third-generation aromatase inhibitor, letrozole selectively and reversibly inhibits aromatase, which may result in growth inhibition of estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells. Aromatase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme localized to the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and found in many tissues including those of the premenopausal ovary, liver, and breast, catalyzes the aromatization of androstenedione and testosterone into estrone and estradiol, the final step in estrogen biosynthesis. [NCIT]
A nonsteroidal inhibitor of estrogen synthesis that resembles paclitaxel in chemical structure. As a third-generation aromatase inhibitor, anastrozole selectively binds to and reversibly inhibits aromatase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme complex found in many tissues including those of the premenopausal ovary, liver, and breast; aromatase catalyzes the aromatization of androstenedione and testosterone into estrone and estradiol, the final step in estrogen biosynthesis. In estrogen-dependent breast cancers, ananstrozole may inhibit tumor growth. (NCI04)
An antineoplastic nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Tamoxifen competitively inhibits the binding of estradiol to estrogen receptors, thereby preventing the receptor from binding to the estrogen-response element on DNA. The result is a reduction in DNA synthesis and cellular response to estrogen. In addition, tamoxifen up-regulates the production of transforming growth factor B (TGFb), a factor that inhibits tumor cell growth, and down-regulates insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a factor that stimulates breast cancer cell growth. [NCIT]
A humanized monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 antibody directed against human cell surface receptor PD-1 (programmed death-1 or programmed cell death-1) with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, pembrolizumab binds to PD-1, an inhibitory signaling receptor expressed on the surface of activated T cells, and blocks the binding to and activation of PD-1 by its ligands, which results in the activation of T-cell-mediated immune responses against tumor cells. The ligands for PD-1 include programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), overexpressed on certain cancer cells, and programmed cell death ligand 2 (PD-L2), which is primarily expressed on APCs. Activated PD-1 negatively regulates T-cell activation and plays a key role in in tumor evasion from host immunity. [NCIT]
A monoclonal antibody directed against B7H1 (B7 homolog 1; programmed cell death ligand 1) with potential immunostimulating activity. Upon intravenous administration, durvalumab binds to the cell surface antigen B7H1, thereby blocking B7H1 signaling. This may activate the immune system to exert a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against B7H1-expressing tumor cells. B7H1, a member of the B7 protein superfamily and a negative regulator of cytokine synthesis, is overexpressed on certain tumor cell types. [NCIT]
A humanized, Fc optimized, monoclonal antibody directed against the protein ligand PD-L1 (programmed cell death-1 ligand 1; CD274), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Atezolizumab binds to PD-L1, blocking its binding to and activation of its receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1; PDCD1) expressed on activated T-cells, which may enhance the T-cell-mediated immune response to neoplasms and reverse T-cell inactivation. In addition, by binding to PD-L1, atezolizumab also prevents binding of this ligand to B7.1 (CD80) expressed on activated T cells, which further enhances the T-cell-mediated immune response. PD-L1 is overexpressed on many human cancer cell types and on various tumor-infiltrating immune cells. PD-L1 binding to PD-1 on T-cells suppresses the immune system and results in increased immune evasion. PD-1, a transmembrane protein, is a negative regulator of the immune system that limits the expansion and survival of CD8+ T cells. The Fc region of atezolizumab is modified in such a way that it does not induce either antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC) or complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). [NCIT]
An orally available cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Palbociclib selectively inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and 6 (CDK6), thereby inhibiting retinoblastoma (Rb) protein phosphorylation early in the G1 phase leading to cell cycle arrest. This suppresses DNA replication and decreases tumor cell proliferation. CDK4 and 6 are serine/threonine kinases that are upregulated in many tumor cell types and play a key role in the regulation of cell cycle progression. [NCIT]
An orally available cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that targets the CDK4 (cyclin D1) and CDK6 (cyclin D3) cell cycle pathway, with potential antineoplastic activity. Abemaciclib specifically inhibits CDK4 and 6, thereby inhibiting retinoblastoma (Rb) protein phosphorylation in early G1. Inhibition of Rb phosphorylation prevents CDK-mediated G1-S phase transition, thereby arresting the cell cycle in the G1 phase, suppressing DNA synthesis and inhibiting cancer cell growth. Overexpression of the serine/threonine kinases CDK4/6, as seen in certain types of cancer, causes cell cycle deregulation. [NCIT]
An orally available cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor targets at cyclin D1/CDK4 and cyclin D3/CDK6 cell cycle pathway, with potential antineoplastic activity. Ribociclib specifically inhibits CDK4 and 6, thereby inhibiting retinoblastoma (Rb) protein phosphorylation. Inhibition of Rb phosphorylation prevents CDK-mediated G1-S phase transition, thereby arresting the cell cycle in the G1 phase, suppressing DNA synthesis and inhibiting cancer cell growth. Overexpression of CDK4/6, as seen in certain types of cancer, causes cell cycle deregulation. [NCIT]
Fluorouracil/Leucovorin Calcium/Oxaliplatin
One of several chemotherapy regimens that include leucovorin calcium (calcium folinate), 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin and which may be used in the treatment of advanced-stage and metastatic colorectal cancer. FOLFOX regimens differ in agent dosing and administration schedule and include FOLFOX 4, FOLFOX 6, modified FOLFOX 6 (mFOLFOX 6) and FOLFOX 7. [NCIT]
Folinic Acid-Fluorouracil-Irinotecan-Ziv-aflibercept
Folinic Acid/Fluorouracil/Irinotecan/Ziv-aflibercept
A regimen consisting of leucovorin, fluorouracil and irinotecan (FOLFIRI), plus ziv-aflibercept that is used for the treatment of appendiceal adenocarcinoma and colorectal cancer. [NCIT]
Fluorouracil with Irinotecan Hydrochloride, Leucovorin Calcium and Oxaliplatin
Fluorouracil/Irinotecan/Leucovorin Calcium/Oxaliplatin
Folinic Acid/Fluorouracil/Irinotecan/Oxaliplatin
A regimen consisting of fluorouracil, irinotecan, leucovorin and oxaliplatin that can be used for the treatment of pancreatic and colorectal cancers; occult primary, ampullary, appendiceal and small bowel adenocarcinomas; well-differentiated grade 3 neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and extrapulmonary poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma, large or small cell carcinoma and mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm. [NCIT]
Primary malignant neoplasm of intestinal tract
Primary malignant neoplasm of large intestine
Carcinoembryonic Ag|Moment in time|Serum or Plasma
Blood leukocyte number below reference range
Disorder of lipoprotein AND/OR lipid metabolism
A term referring to the presence of tumor emboli or tumor masses within lymphatic vessels. [NCIT]
Lymphovascular invasion extent | Cancer specimen | Pathology
Drug-induced disorder of liver (disorder)
Malignant adenomatous neoplasm (morphologic abnormality)
[BI-RADS] Mammo: the nipple is pulled in (should not be confused with nipple inversion, which is often bilateral). MR: Nipple is pulled in; do not confuse with nipple inversion. [RadLex]
A psychometric scale commonly used in questionnaires where a respondent is asked to evaluate an opinion according to subjective or objective criteria, by rating their level of agreement or disagreement with a statement. [NCIT]
World Health Organization central nervous system tumor grading system
World Health Organization central nervous system tumor grading system (staging scale)
Gleason scoring system for malignant neoplasm of prostate
Gleason scoring system for malignant neoplasm of prostate (staging scale)
Gleason grading system for prostatic cancer
Nottingham histologic grading system (staging scale)
Nottingham histologic grading system for breast cancer
International Society of Urological Pathology prostate cancer staging system
ISUP (International Society of Urologic Pathology) prostate cancer staging system
International Society of Urologic Pathology prostate cancer staging system (staging scale)
French Federation of Cancer Centers Sarcoma Group (FNCLCC) grading system
French Federation of Cancer Centers Sarcoma Group grading system
French Federation of Cancer Centers Sarcoma Group grading system (staging scale)
Perineural invasion | Cancer specimen | Pathology
Secondary malignant neoplasm of axillary lymph nodes
Cancer Ag 15-3|Arbitrary Concentration|Moment in time|Blood, Serum or Plasma
Carcinoembryonic Ag|Mass Concentration|Moment in time|Blood, Serum or Plasma
TNM classification of malignant tumor after operation
Malignant tumor of lymphoid hemopoietic and related tissue
Pregnancy, childbirth / puerperium observable
Cancer Ag 15-3 | Serum or Plasma | Chemistry - non-challenge
Extramural vein invasion | Colorectal cancer specimen | Pathology
Malignant neoplasm: Liver cell carcinoma
A malignant tumor that arises from hepatocytes. Hepatocellular carcinoma is relatively rare in the United States but very common in all African countries south of the Sahara and in Southeast Asia. Most cases are seen in patients over the age of 50 years, but this tumor can also occur in younger individuals and even in children. Hepatocellular carcinoma is more common in males than females and is associated with hepatitis B, hepatitis C, chronic alcohol abuse and cirrhosis. Serum elevation of alpha-fetoprotein occurs in a large percentage of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Grossly, hepatocellular carcinoma may present as a single mass, as multiple nodules, or as diffuse liver involvement. Microscopically, there is a wide range of differentiation from tumor to tumor (well differentiated to poorly differentiated tumors). Hepatocellular carcinomas quickly metastasize to regional lymph nodes and lung. The overall median survival of untreated liver cell carcinoma is about 4 months. The most effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma is complete resection of the tumor. Lately, an increasing number of tumors have been treated with liver transplantation. [NCIT]
Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (disorder)
A distinctive type of liver cell carcinoma that arises in non-cirrhotic livers and is seen predominantly in young patients. The tumor cells are polygonal and deeply eosinophilic, and are embedded in a fibrous stroma. The prognosis is similar to classical hepatocellular carcinoma that arises in non-cirrhotic livers, and better than hepatocellular carcinoma that arises in cirrhotic livers. [NCIT]
Breastfeeding (mother) (observable entity)
Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group Clinical Staging and Grouping System
Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Clinical Grouping System
Staging and grouping for rhabdomyosarcoma that groups patients into low, intermediate, or high clinical risk groups based on: histologic type, tumor site, tumor size, and pathologic TNM. Note: this is not the TNM system described in AJCC. [NCIT]
American Urological Association staging system for prostate cancer
American Urological Association staging system for prostate cancer (tumor staging)
FIGO staging system of gynecological malignancy
FIGO staging of gynaecological malignancy
American Joint Committee on Cancer, Cancer Staging Manual, 8th edition neoplasm staging system
American Joint Committee on Cancer, Cancer Staging Manual, 8th edition neoplasm staging system (tumor staging)
American Joint Committee on Cancer, Cancer Staging Manual, 8th edition tumor staging system
International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian tumor staging system
Generic anatomical site tumor invasion status
Generic anatomical site tumor invasion status (tumor staging)
Markers for liver tumor staging (tumor staging)
HER2 | Breast cancer specimen | Pathology
General finding of observation of patient
Edition of American Joint Commission on Cancer, Cancer Staging Manual used for TNM staging
Edition of American Joint Commission on Cancer, Cancer Staging Manual used for TNM staging (observable entity)
Adenocarcinoma combined with other types of carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma with mixed subtypes (morphologic abnormality)
Extramural vein invasion [Presence] in Colorectal cancer specimen by Light microscopy
ERBB2 gene duplication [Presence] in Breast cancer specimen by FISH
A fluorescent in situ hybridization-based procedure that detects ERBB2 gene duplications in a breast cancer specimen. [NCIT]
Estrogen receptor Ag [Presence] in Breast cancer specimen by Immune stain
An immune staining procedure that detects estrogen receptor in a breast cancer specimen. [NCIT]
Lymphovascular invasion extent in Cancer specimen Qualitative
Cancer Ag 15-3 [Units/volume] in Serum or Plasma
A quantitative procedure that measures the concentration (units/volume) of cancer antigen 15-3 in a serum or plasma specimen. [NCIT]
HER2 [Presence] in Breast cancer specimen by Immune stain
An immunoassay procedure that detects receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbb-2 in a breast cancer specimen. [NCIT]
BRCA1+BRCA2 gene mutations tested for in Blood or Tissue by Molecular genetics method Nominal
Carcinoembryonic Ag [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
A quantitative procedure that measures the concentration (mass/volume) of carcinoembryonic antigen in a serum or plasma specimen. [NCIT]
Regional lymph nodes examined [#] Specimen
Cells.Ki-67 nuclear Ag/100 cells in Breast cancer specimen by Immune stain
Cells.estrogen receptor/100 cells in Breast cancer specimen by Immune stain
A quantitative immune staining procedure that measures the percentage of cells expressing estrogen receptor per the total number of cells in a breast cancer specimen. [NCIT]
Primary malignant neoplasm of rectum (disorder)
Primary malignant neoplasm of colon (disorder)
Tumor histopathological grade status values
Tumor histopathological grade status values (tumor staging)
Tumour histopathological grade status values
Number of births at term (observable entity)
Histologic type of primary malignant neoplasm
Histologic type of primary malignant neoplasm (observable entity)
Progesterone receptor Ag [Presence] in Breast cancer specimen by Immune stain
Perineural invasion [Presence] in Cancer specimen
BRCA1 gene mutations tested for in Blood or Tissue by Molecular genetics method Nominal
A molecular genetics procedure that detects gene variants of BRCA1 in a blood or tissue specimen. [NCIT]
Neoplasm, benign (morphologic abnormality)
A neoplasm characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential. [NCIT]
Cells.progesterone receptor/100 cells in Breast cancer specimen by Immune stain
A quantitative immune staining procedure that measures the percentage of cells expressing progesterone receptor per the total number of cells in a breast cancer specimen. [NCIT]
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (disorder)
A chronic, autoimmune inflammatory liver disorder characterized by narrowing and scarring of the lumen of the bile ducts. It is often seen in patients with ulcerative colitis. Signs and symptoms include jaundice, fatigue, and malabsorption. It may lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. [NCIT]
Triple negative malignant neoplasm of breast
Triple negative malignant neoplasm of breast (disorder)
History of clinical finding in subject (situation)
Diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (disorder)
An active inflammatory process affecting the liver for more than six months. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune disorders, drugs, and metabolic disorders. [NCIT]
Primary malignant neoplasm of breast with axillary lymph node invasion
A benign vascular lesion characterized by the formation of capillary-sized or cavernous vascular channels. [NCIT]
Malignant neoplasm of female breast (disorder)
Estrogen receptor positive tumor (disorder)
An indication that estrogen receptor alpha expression has been detected in a sample. [NCIT]
A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from the liver. [NCIT]
Intervals of weeks and months (qualifier value)
Human epidermal growth factor 2 positive carcinoma of breast
Human epidermal growth factor 2 positive carcinoma of breast (disorder)
A biologic subset of breast carcinoma defined by high expression of HER2, GRB7, and TRAP100, and by lack of expression of estrogen receptor (ER). [NCIT]
A usually aggressive carcinoma composed of malignant cells exhibiting neuroendocrine differentiation. [NCIT]
Mucinous adenocarcinoma (morphologic abnormality)
Pseudomyxoma peritonei with unknown primary site
An invasive adenocarcinoma composed of malignant glandular cells which contain intracytoplasmic mucin. Often, the infiltrating glandular structures are associated with mucoid stromal formation. It may arise from the large and small intestine, appendix, stomach, lung, ovary, breast, corpus uteri, cervix, vagina, and salivary gland. [NCIT]
DUCT CARCINOMA/ Invasive carcinoma of no special type
Mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasm
A rare neoplasm that consists of neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine cellular components. At least 30% of either component should be present for the diagnosis to be made. [NCIT]
Melan-A and Ki67 Ag [Identifier] in Tissue by Immune stain
Primary malignant neoplasm of female breast
Primary malignant neoplasm of female breast (disorder)
A standardized rating scale used to assess the severity of liver cirrhosis and determine the prognosis, the required strength of treatment, and the necessity of liver transplantation. This instrument uses the following clinical and lab criteria: encephalopathy grade, ascites, bilirubin, albumin, and prothrombin index. [NCIT]
American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification
ASA - American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status classification
ASA - American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification
Karnofsky performance status (assessment scale)
American society of anesthesiologists morbidity state
Accumulation of bile in abdominal cavity (disorder)
Focal nodular hyperplasia of liver (disorder)
A non-neoplastic, regenerating hepatocellular hyperplasia, secondary to the presence of focal vascular abnormalities in the liver. [NCIT]
Cholangiocarcinoma (morphologic abnormality)
A carcinoma that arises from the intrahepatic bile ducts, the hepatic ducts, or the common bile duct distal to the insertion of the cystic duct. The vast majority of tumors are adenocarcinomas. [NCIT]
Hepatitis caused by autoantibodies. Drugs, infections, and toxins may trigger the production of the autoantibodies against the liver parenchyma. [NCIT]
A cystic lesion located in the liver. [NCIT]
Human epidermal growth factor 2 negative carcinoma of breast
Human epidermal growth factor 2 negative carcinoma of breast (disorder)
A breast adenocarcinoma that is negative for the expression of the HER2 receptor. [NCIT]
Surviving free of recurrence of neoplastic disease
Surviving free of recurrence of neoplastic disease (finding)
Family history of malignant neoplasm of breast diagnosed before 45 years of age
Family history of malignant neoplasm of breast diagnosed before 45 years of age (situation)
Family history of malignant neoplasm of breast at under age 50 in second degree relative
Family history of malignant neoplasm of breast at under age 50 in second degree relative (situation)
Family history of malignant neoplasm of breast in first degree relative
Family history of malignant neoplasm of breast in first degree relative (situation)
Family history of neoplasm of breast (situation)
["A record of a patient's medical background regarding the cancer and cancer-related problems of blood relatives."]
Family history of malignant neoplasm of breast
Family history of malignant neoplasm of breast (situation)
The microscopic study of characteristic tissue abnormalities by employing various cytochemical and immunocytochemical stains. [NCIT]
Description of microscopic appearance of specimen
Microscopic specimen observation (finding)
Progesterone receptor positive tumor (disorder)
An indication that progesterone receptor (PRG; PR) expression has been detected in a sample. [NCIT]
Estrogen receptor negative neoplasm (disorder)
The absence of detectable estrogen receptor alpha in a tissue sample. [NCIT]
Progesterone receptor negative neoplasm (disorder)
An indication that progesterone receptor (PRG; PR) expression has not been detected in a sample. [NCIT]
Modified Ryan Scheme for Tumor Regression
NAFLD - nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (disorder)
Presence of metastatic discontinuous spread of primary malignant neoplasm
Presence of metastatic discontinuous spread of primary malignant neoplasm (observable entity)
Presence of metastatic discontinuous spread of malignant neoplasm of colon to pericolic tissue
Presence of metastatic discontinuous spread of malignant neoplasm of colon to pericolic tissue (observable entity)
Presence of tumor deposits in pericolic tissue
Presence of tumour deposits in pericolic tissue
PALB2 gene targeted mutation analysis in Blood or Tissue by Molecular genetics method
Central nervous system tumor morphology (morphologic abnormality)
Malignant neoplasm (morphologic abnormality)
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (morphologic abnormality)
Nervous system tumor morphology (morphologic abnormality)
Ductal, lobular AND/OR medullary neoplasm
Benign epithelial neoplasm (morphologic abnormality)
Malignant epithelial neoplasm (morphologic abnormality)
Carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells
Carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells (morphologic abnormality)
Squamous cell carcinoma (morphologic abnormality)
Malignant neuroendocrine neoplasm, epithelial
Malignant lymphoma (morphologic abnormality)
Benign adenomatous neoplasm (morphologic abnormality)
Insular carcinoma (morphologic abnormality)
Follicular adenocarcinoma (morphologic abnormality)
Adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation
Papillary adenocarcinoma (morphologic abnormality)
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (morphologic abnormality)
Oxyphilic adenocarcinoma (morphologic abnormality)
Lobular carcinoma (morphologic abnormality)
Infiltrating carcinoma with ductal and lobular features
Infiltrating carcinoma with ductal and lobular features (morphologic abnormality)
Invasive carcinoma with ductal and lobular features (Mixed type carcinoma)
Malignant phyllodes tumor (morphologic abnormality)
Malignant meningeal neoplasm (morphologic abnormality)
Meningioma, malignant (morphologic abnormality)
Carcinoma in situ (morphologic abnormality)
Neuroendocrine neoplasm (morphologic abnormality)
Malignant neuroendocrine neoplasm (morphologic abnormality)
Hepatocellular carcinoma (morphologic abnormality)
Small cell carcinoma (morphologic abnormality)
A classification system grouping neoplasms according to their cellular characteristics. [NCIT]
Hepatocellular carcinoma, fibrolamellar (morphologic abnormality)
Morphology encodes the histology of the neoplasm
Malignant squamous cell neoplasm (morphologic abnormality)
Papillary carcinoma (morphologic abnormality)
Transitional cell papillomas and carcinomas
Papillary adenocarcinoma - follicular variant
Papillary adenocarcinoma, follicular variant
Papillary carcinoma, follicular variant (morphologic abnormality)
Trabecular adenocarcinoma (morphologic abnormality)
Intraductal carcinoma, noninfiltrating, NOS
Lobular carcinoma in situ (morphologic abnormality)
Solid papillary carcinoma in situ (morphologic abnormality)
Encapsulated papillary carcinoma (morphologic abnormality)
WHO grade for central nervous system tumor
Nottingham grade of primary malignant neoplasm of breast
Histologic grade of primary malignant neoplasm of breast by Nottingham technique
Histologic grade of primary malignant neoplasm of breast by Nottingham technique (observable entity)
Histologic grade of primary malignant neoplasm
Histologic grade of primary malignant neoplasm of prostate by International Society of Urological Pathology technique
Histologic grade of primary malignant neoplasm of prostate by ISUP (International Society of Urological Pathology) technique
Histologic grade of primary malignant neoplasm of prostate by International Society of Urological Pathology technique (observable entity)
International Society of Urological Pathology grade of primary malignant neoplasm of prostate
Extraprostatic extension of tumor present
Seminal vesicle invasion by tumor present
Presence of estrogen receptor in neoplasm
Presence of estrogen receptor in primary malignant neoplasm of breast by immunohistochemistry
Intensity of stain of estrogen receptor in primary malignant neoplasm of breast by immunohistochemistry
Presence of progesterone receptor in neoplasm
Presence of progesterone receptor in primary malignant neoplasm of breast by immunohistochemistry
Percent of cell nuclei positive for proliferation marker protein Ki-67 in primary malignant neoplasm by immunohistochemistry
Percent of cell nuclei positive for proliferation marker protein Ki-67 in primary malignant neoplasm of breast by immunohistochemistry
Intensity of stain of progesterone receptor in primary malignant neoplasm of breast by immunohistochemistry
Intensity of stain of progesterone receptor in primary malignant neoplasm of breast by immunohistochemistry (observable entity)
Alanine aminotransferase|Catalytic Concentration|Moment in time|Blood, Serum or Plasma
Alkaline phosphatase|Catalytic Concentration|Moment in time|Blood, Serum or Plasma
Aspartate aminotransferase|Catalytic Concentration|Moment in time|Blood, Serum or Plasma
Calcium|Mass Concentration|Moment in time|Blood, Serum or Plasma
Cholesterol.in HDL|Mass Concentration|Moment in time|Blood, Serum or Plasma
Cholesterol.in LDL|Mass Concentration|Moment in time|Blood, Serum or Plasma
Cholesterol|Mass Concentration|Moment in time|Blood, Serum or Plasma
Cortisol|Mass Concentration|Moment in time|Blood, Serum or Plasma
Creatinine|Mass Concentration|Moment in time|Blood, Serum or Plasma
Creatinine|Mass Concentration|Moment in time|Any Urine specimen
Glucose|Mass Concentration|Moment in time|Blood, Serum or Plasma
Natriuretic peptide.B|Mass Concentration|Moment in time|Blood, Serum or Plasma
Potassium|Mass Concentration|Moment in time|Blood, Serum or Plasma
Prostate specific Ag|Mass Concentration|Moment in time|Blood, Serum or Plasma
Sodium|Substance Concentration|Moment in time|Blood, Serum or Plasma
Thyrotropin|Arbitrary Concentration|Moment in time|Blood, Serum or Plasma
Triglyceride|Mass Concentration|Moment in time|Blood, Serum or Plasma
Urea|Mass Concentration|Moment in time|Blood, Serum or Plasma
Platelets|Number Concentration (count/vol)|Moment in time|Blood
Calcium|Moment in time|Blood|40.078 g/mole
Cholesterol.in HDL|Moment in time|Serum or Plasma
Cholesterol.in LDL|Moment in time|Serum or Plasma
Cholesterol|Moment in time|Serum or Plasma|386.664 g/mole
Cortisol|Moment in time|Serum or Plasma|362.466 g/mole
Creatinine|Moment in time|Blood|113.12 g/mole
Creatinine|Moment in time|Urine|113.12 g/mole
Glucose|Moment in time|Blood venous|180.156 g/mole
Potassium|Moment in time|Blood|39.098 g/mole
Prostate specific Ag|Moment in time|Serum or Plasma
Albumin/Protein.total|Mass Fraction|Urine
Urate|Mass Concentration|Moment in time|Blood, Serum or Plasma
Hemoglobin A1c/Hemoglobin.total|Mass Fraction|Moment in time|Blood, Serum or Plasma
Thyroglobulin antibody measurement (procedure)
Stimulayed Thyroglobulin antibody measurement
Thyroglobulin [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
Albumin measurement, urine, quantitative
Thyroid stimulating hormone measurement (procedure)
Thyrotropin stimulating hormone measurement
Needle biopsy specimen tumor quantitation
Venous (large vessel) invasion by tumor present
Venous (large vessel) extramural invasion by tumor present
Venous (large vessel) extramural invasion by tumor present (finding)
Venous (large) vessel invasion by tumor, extramural
Venous (large) vessel invasion by tumour, extramural
Venous extramural invasion by tumor present
Length of lymph node in excised specimen
Lymph node station of involved lymph nodes
Mental state, behavior / psychosocial function observable
Melanocyte stimulating hormone releasing factor
Fluid disturbance (morphologic abnormality)
Diffuse hemorrhage (morphologic abnormality)
Malignant neoplasm of gastrointestinal tract
Malignant neoplasm of respiratory system
Finding of blood, lymphatics and immune system
Disorder of lower gastrointestinal tract
Primary malignant neoplasm of intrathoracic organs
Primary malignant neoplasm of respiratory tract
Nutritional deficiency associated condition
Measurement finding outside reference range
Hemoglobin level outside reference range
Blood cell count outside reference range
[BI-RADS] US: Manifested by cystic dilation of a duct or ducts involving irregularities in caliber and/or arborization, extension of duct(s) to or from a malignant mass, or the presence of an intraductal mass, thrombus, or detritus. [RadLex]
unknown or uncertain etiology, or associated with multiple diseases; for example, pneumonia is a process [RadLex]
A term that refers to clinicopathologic findings related to leukemias. [NCIT]
Red blood cell count below reference range
Abnormal fluid accumulation in tissues or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the skin in subcutaneous tissue. [MeSH] [BI-RADS MRI: Trabecular thickening with associated skin thickening. US: Increased echogenicity of surrounding tissue and reticulation (angular network of hypoechoic lines). [RadLex]
Family history of neoplasm of female genital organ
Family history of malignant neoplasm of ovary
Family history of malignant neoplasm of ovary (situation)
Family history of malignant neoplasm of ovary in first degree relative
Family history of cancer of ovary in first degree relative
Family history of malignant neoplasm of ovary in first degree relative (situation)
Family history of ovarian cancer in first degree relative
Family history of malignant neoplasm of ovary in second degree relative
Family history of cancer of the ovary in second degree relative
Family history of malignant neoplasm of ovary in second degree relative (situation)
Family history of malignant neoplasm of genital structure
EGFR gene mutations tested for in Blood or Tissue by Molecular genetics method Nominal
HER2 Ag [Presence] in Tissue by Immune stain
KRAS gene mutations tested for in Blood or Tissue by Molecular genetics method Nominal
Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor Ag [Presence] in Tissue by Immune stain
ERBB2 gene mutations found [Identifier] in Blood or Tissue by Molecular genetics method Nominal
RET gene mutations tested for in Blood or Tissue by Molecular genetics method Nominal
Chromosome region 6q22 rearrangements in Tissue by FISH
BRAF gene mutations found [Identifier] in Blood or Tissue by Molecular genetics method Nominal
PIK3CA gene mutations tested for in Blood or Tissue by Molecular genetics method Nominal
PD-L1 by clone 22C3 [Presence] in Tissue by Immune stain
IDH1 (isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1) gene variant measurement
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1, cytosolic
IDH2 (isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2) gene variant measurement
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2, mitochondrial
isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial
ATRX (ATRX chromatin remodeler) gene variant measurement
MGMT (O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) gene variant measurement
TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) gene variant measurement
MKI67 (marker of proliferation Ki-67) gene variant measurement
antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki-67
TP53 (tumor protein p53) gene variant measurement
ALK gene mutations found [Identifier] in Blood or Tissue by Molecular genetics method Nominal
MET gene mutations found [Identifier] in Blood or Tissue by Molecular genetics method Nominal
DNA mismatch repair protein Msh3 [Presence] in Cancer specimen by Immune stain
TP53 gene mutations found [Identifier] in Blood or Tissue by Molecular genetics method Nominal
Cancer Ag 19-9 [Units/volume] in Serum or Plasma
TGFBR1 gene+TGFBR2 gene targeted mutation analysis in Blood or Tissue by Molecular genetics method
18q chromosome deletion [Identifier] in Blood or Tissue by Molecular genetics method Nominal
Microsatellite markers exhibiting instability/Microsatellite instability markers assessed in Cancer specimen
GSTP1 gene+APC gene methylation [Presence] in Tissue by Molecular genetics method
PIK3CA gene [VCF] in Cancer specimen by Sequencing
Infiltrating duct mixed with other types of carcinoma
Intraductal carcinoma and lobular carcinoma in situ
Disorder of skin and/or subcutaneous tissue
Family history of female genital tract disorder
National Cancer Institute common terminology criteria for adverse event grade finding
Finding of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification
Finding of histologic grading differentiation AND/OR behavior
Inflammatory disorder of lower respiratory tract
Primary malignant neoplasm of hepatic flexure of colon
Primary malignant neoplasm of sigmoid colon
Primary malignant neoplasm of splenic flexure of colon
Malignant neoplasm of nervous system (disorder)
Primary malignant neoplasm of nervous system
Malignant neoplasm of central nervous system
Malignant neoplasm of central nervous system (disorder)
Malignant glioma of central nervous system
Primary adenocarcinoma of ascending colon
Primary adenocarcinoma of digestive organ
Primary mucinous carcinoma of digestive organ
Primary malignant neoplasm of ascending colon
Primary malignant neoplasm of descending colon
Primary malignant neoplasm of transverse colon
Specimen from lower gastrointestinal tract
Tissue specimen from gastrointestinal tract
Mental state, behavior and/or psychosocial function finding
Gastrointestinal and digestive anastomosis
Excision of lesion of rectum by transanal approach
Excision of rectum by transanal approach
External beam radiation therapy using electrons
Adenomatous polyposis coli (morphologic abnormality)
BI-RADS Mammo/MR: The skin is pulled in abnormally. US: Skin surface is concave or ill defined and appears pulled in. [RadLex]
[BI-RADS] Mammo/MR: may be focal or diffuse, and is defined as being > 2mm in thickness. US: May be focal or diffuse, >2mm in thickness (in the periareolar area and inframammary folds up to 4mm) [RadLex]
Drug-induced gastrointestinal disturbance
Drug-induced gastrointestinal disturbance (disorder)
Adenosquamous carcinoma of hepatic flexure of colon
Carcinoma, undifferentiated, NOS, of sigmoid colon
Mucinous adenocarcinoma of sigmoid colon
Neuroendocrine carcinoma, NOS, of splenic flexure of colon
Signet ring cell carcinoma of splenic flexure of colon
Adenosquamous carcinoma of splenic flexure of colon
Malignant neoplasm of other and ill-defined sites: Head, face and neck
Malignant tumor of neck
Malignant meningioma of meninges of brain
Primary malignant meningioma of meninges of brain
Venous (large vessel) intramural invasion by tumor present
Carcinoma, undifferentiated, NOS, of cecum
Invasive carcinoma of breast with extensive intraductal component
Invasive carcinoma of breast without extensive intraductal component
Surgical margin involved by tumor (finding)
Surgical margin uninvolved by tumor (finding)
Regional lymph node metastasis present (finding)
Tumor involvement of noncontiguous structures present
Tumour involvement of noncontiguous structures present
Perineural invasion by tumor present (finding)
Perineural invasion by tumor absent (finding)
Adenosquamous carcinoma of descending colon
Number of regional lymph nodes containing metastatic neoplasm in excised specimen
Number of regional lymph nodes involved by malignant neoplasm
Mucinous adenocarcinoma of transverse colon
Common terminology criteria for adverse events grade 1
Common terminology criteria for adverse events grade 1 (finding)
Common terminology criteria for adverse events grade 2
Common terminology criteria for adverse events grade 2 (finding)
Common terminology criteria for adverse events grade 3
Common terminology criteria for adverse events grade 3 (finding)
Common terminology criteria for adverse events grade 4
Common terminology criteria for adverse events grade 4 (finding)
Common terminology criteria for adverse events grade 5
Common terminology criteria for adverse events grade 5 (finding)
Low anterior resection of rectum (procedure)
Core needle biopsy of breast (procedure)
Resection of ascending colon, caecum and terminal ileum
Resection of ascending colon, cecum and terminal ileum
IOERT - intraoperative electron radiotherapy
Re-excision of breast for clearance of tumor margins
Re-excision of breast for clearance of tumor margins (procedure)
Re-excision of breast for clearance of tumour margins
Nipple preserving subcutaneous mastectomy
Excision of malignant tumor of rectum by transanal approach
Excision of malignant tumor of rectum by transanal approach (procedure)
Excision of malignant tumour of rectum by transanal approach
Proctectomy and anastomosis of colon to anus
Abdominoperineal pull-through and proctectomy
Proctectomy and anastomosis of colon to anus (procedure)
APR - Abdominoperineal resection of rectum and end colostomy
Abdominoperineal resection of rectum (procedure)
Vacuum assisted biopsy of lesion of breast
Vacuum assisted biopsy of lesion of breast (procedure)
Level 1 axillary clearance of lymph nodes
Excision of level I axillary lymph nodes
Level 1 axillary clearance of lymph nodes (procedure)
Level 2 axillary clearance of lymph nodes
Excision of level II axillary lymph nodes
Level 2 axillary clearance of lymph nodes (procedure)
Level 3 axillary clearance of lymph nodes
Excision of level III axillary lymph nodes
Level 3 axillary clearance of lymph nodes (procedure)
Infection control management (procedure)
Hypofractionated whole breast radiation therapy
HF-WBI - hypofractionated whole breast irradiation
Hypofractionated radiation therapy of entire breast
Hypofractionated radiation therapy of entire breast (procedure)
Radiochemotherapy via IV (intravenous) route
Radiochemotherapy via intravenous route (procedure)
Lobular carcinoma in situ, NOS, of breast, NOS
Lobular carcinoma in situ, pleomorphic of breast, NOS
Infiltrating duct carcinoma, NOS, of breast, NOS
Infiltrating duct and lobular carcinoma of breast, NOS
Papillary carcinoma, NOS, of breast, NOS
Phyllodes tumor, malignant of breast, NOS
Neoplasm, malignant of breast, NOS (Display + "(Other)")
Mucinous adenocarcinoma of ascending colon
Adenosquamous carcinoma of ascending colon
Neuroendocrine carcinoma, NOS, of ascending colon
Signet ring cell carcinoma of ascending colon
Carcinoma, undifferentiated, NOS, of ascending colon
Neoplasm, malignant of ascending colon (Other)
Mucinous adenocarcinoma of hepatic flexure of colon
Adenocarcinoma, NOS, of hepatic flexure of colon
Neuroendocrine carcinoma, NOS, of hepatic flexure of colon
Signet ring cell carcinoma of hepatic flexure of colon
Carcinoma, undifferentiated, NOS, of hepatic flexure of colon
Neoplasm, malignant of hepatic flexure of colon
Neoplasm, malignant of hepatic flexure of colon (Other)
Adenosquamous carcinoma of transverse colon
Adenocarcinoma, NOS, of transverse colon
Neuroendocrine carcinoma, NOS, of transverse colon
Signet ring cell carcinoma of transverse colon
Carcinoma, undifferentiated, NOS, of transverse colon
Neoplasm, malignant of transverse colon (Other)
Mucinous adenocarcinoma of splenic flexure of colon
Adenocarcinoma, NOS, of splenic flexure of colon
Carcinoma, undifferentiated, NOS, of splenic flexure of colon
Neoplasm, malignant of splenic flexure of colon
Neoplasm, malignant of splenic flexure of colon (Other)
Mucinous adenocarcinoma of descending colon
Adenocarcinoma, NOS, of descending colon
Neuroendocrine carcinoma, NOS, of descending colon
Signet ring cell carcinoma of descending colon
Carcinoma, undifferentiated, NOS, of descending colon
Neoplasm, malignant of descending colon (Other)
Adenosquamous carcinoma of sigmoid colon
Neuroendocrine carcinoma, NOS, of sigmoid colon
Signet ring cell carcinoma of sigmoid colon
Neoplasm, malignant of sigmoid colon (Other)
Neuroendocrine carcinoma, NOS, of colon, NOS
Signet ring cell carcinoma of colon, NOS
Carcinoma, undifferentiated, NOS, of colon, NOS
Neoplasm, malignant of colon, NOS (Other)
Neuroendocrine carcinoma, NOS, of rectum, NOS
Signet ring cell carcinoma of rectum, NOS
Carcinoma, undifferentiated, NOS, of rectum, NOS
Neoplasm, malignant of rectum, NOS (Other)
Squamous cell carcinoma, NOS, of lung, NOS
Non-small cell carcinoma of lung, NOS (Other)
BRCA1 (BRCA1 DNA repair associated) gene variant measurement
BRCA1 (BRCA1 DNA repair associated) gene variant
BRCA2 (BRCA2 DNA repair associated) gene variant
STK11 (serine/threonine kinase 11) gene variant
PALB2 (partner and localizer of BRCA2) gene variant
CHEK2 (checkpoint kinase 2) gene variant
ATM (ATM serine/threonine kinase) gene variant
KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase) gene variant measurement
BRAF (B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase) gene variant measurement
Structure of subdivision of nervous system
Structure of cecum and/or colon and/or rectum
Structure of skin and/or surface epithelium
Structure of skin and/or mucous membrane
Invasive ductal carcinoma with an extensive intraductal component
Apocrine adenocarcinoma (morphologic abnormality)
Surgical circumferential margin involved by malignant neoplasm
Circumferential (Radial) Margin Involved by Tumor
Surgical circumferential margin uninvolved by malignant neoplasm
Circumferential (Radial) Margin Uninvolved by Tumor
Ascending colon structure (body structure)
Transverse colon structure (body structure)
Descending colon structure (body structure)
Sigmoid colon structure (body structure)
AJCC/UICC 8th pathological N2mi Category
AJCC/UICC 8th pathological N1mi Category
AJCC/UICC 8th clinical Tis(LAMN) Category
AJCC/UICC 8th clinical Tis(Paget) Category
AJCC/UICC 8th clinical Tis(DCIS) Category
AJCC/UICC 8th pathological Tis(LAMN) Category
AJCC/UICC 8th pathological Tis(Paget) Category
AJCC/UICC 8th pathological Tis(DCIS) Category
AJCC/UICC 8th clinical N0(mol+) Category
AJCC/UICC 8th pathological M0(i+) Category
AJCC/UICC 8th pathological T1mi Category
AJCC/UICC 8th pathological N0(mol+) Category
AJCC/UICC 8th pathological N0(i+) Category
AJCC/UICC 8th pathological T1b1 Category
AJCC/UICC 8th pathological T1b3 Category
AJCC/UICC 8th pathological T1b2 Category
AJCC/UICC 8th pathological T1a2 Category
AJCC/UICC 8th pathological T1a1 Category
AJCC/UICC 8th pathological N1b1 Category
AJCC/UICC 8th pathological N1b4 Category
AJCC/UICC 8th pathological N1b2 Category
AJCC/UICC 8th pathological N1b3 Category
AJCC/UICC 8th pathological T2a1 Category
AJCC/UICC 8th pathological T2a2 Category
AJCC/UICC 8th pathological T1c3 Category
AJCC/UICC 8th pathological T1c2 Category
AJCC/UICC 8th pathological T1c1 Category
AJCC/UICC 8th pathological N1a(sn) Category
This module defines the categories/entities or values that are not specified as imaging or clinical context (e.g., qualifiers, age, sex/gender, unit of measure, staging/grading values, presence/absence values, etc.).
Common Module
Qualifier
Qualifier value
A term that helps define and render a concept unique. [NCIT]
Values for segmentation method (ProCancer-I, Prostate gland segmentation UC)
Of or related to the hands; reference to a task or activity being done by hand (as opposed as being performed with the assistance of automation or other supportive means). [NCIT]
Physical object
Of or related to a process performed using a combination of manual and automatic means. [NCIT]
A numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed. [NCIT]
The information contained in a data field. It may represent a numeric quantity, a textual characterization, a date or time measurement, or some other state, depending on the nature of the attribute. [NCIT]
Operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control. [NCIT]
An indication that a data element has been derived from one or more data elements. [NCIT]
Occurring first in time or sequence; original; of greatest rank or importance or value. [NCIT]
Situated on or along or in the direction of an axis. [NCIT]
100: Normal, no complaints; no evidence of disease
Normal; no complaints; no evidence of disease. [NCIT]
Consisting of two (e.g., units, components, elements, terms, possibilities) or based on two. [NCIT]
A declared brain-dead patient whose organs are being removed for donor purposes
moribund patient who is not expected to survive
A moribund patient who is not expected to survive without the operation
Severe systemic disease that is a threat to life
Qualifier for certainty of diagnosis (qualifier value)
Cannot distinguish between two or more possible values in the current context. [NCIT]
Not exactly known or degree or value not exactly established. [SNOMEDCT]
Refers to abnormal cell activity manifested by decreased control over growth and function, causing tumor growth or spread into surrounding tissue and adverse effects to the host. [NCIT]
For neoplasms, a non-infiltrating and non-metastasizing neoplastic process that is characterized by the absence of morphologic features associated with malignancy (e.g., severe atypia, nuclear pleomorphism, tumor cell necrosis, and abnormal mitoses). For other conditions, a process that is mild in nature and not dangerous to health. [NCIT]
Of a questionable or potentially dangerous nature. [NCIT]
A type of surgical staple designed to close wounds and control bleeding from blood vessels. [NCIT]
Annotation type (INCISIVE, Annotation Definitions and guidelines)
Without clinical signs or indications that raise the possibility of a particular disorder or dysfunction. [NCIT]
Marked by a tendency to spread, especially into healthy surrounding tissue. [NCIT]
Modifier mainly for procedure (qualifier value)
Age at onset of clinical finding (observable entity)
A term referring to the clinical or pathologic observation of a tumor extension from its original site of growth to another anatomic site. [NCIT]
The potential future harm that may arise from some present action or attribute or condition is small. [NCIT]
The potential future harm that may arise from some present action or attribute or condition is almost certain. [NCIT]
Unit of radiation dose (qualifier value)
Derived Unit of International System of Units
Describes a tumor or condition that develops, grows, or spreads rapidly. [NCIT]
Derived as a result of a primary condition; not direct or immediate; of second rank or importance or value. [NCIT]
American Joint Committee on Cancer allowable value
Subjects of information (qualifier value)
American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical M category allowable value
American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical N category allowable value
American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical stage group allowable value
American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical T category allowable value
American Joint Committee on Cancer pathological M category allowable value
American Joint Committee on Cancer pathological N category allowable value
American Joint Committee on Cancer pathological stage group allowable value
American Joint Committee on Cancer pathological T category allowable value
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cM1
American Joint Committee on Cancer cM1 (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cM1a
American Joint Committee on Cancer cM1a (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cM1b
American Joint Committee on Cancer cM1b (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cN0
American Joint Committee on Cancer cN0 (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cN1
American Joint Committee on Cancer cN1 (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cT0
American Joint Committee on Cancer cT0 (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cT1
American Joint Committee on Cancer cT1 (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cT2
American Joint Committee on Cancer cT2 (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cT2a
American Joint Committee on Cancer cT2a (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cT2b
American Joint Committee on Cancer cT2b (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cT2c
American Joint Committee on Cancer cT2c (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cT3
American Joint Committee on Cancer cT3 (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cT3a
American Joint Committee on Cancer cT3a (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cT3b
American Joint Committee on Cancer cT3b (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cT4
American Joint Committee on Cancer cT4 (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pM1
American Joint Committee on Cancer pM1 (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pM1a
American Joint Committee on Cancer pM1a (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pM1b
American Joint Committee on Cancer pM1b (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pM1c
American Joint Committee on Cancer pM1c (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pN0
American Joint Committee on Cancer pN0 (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pN1
American Joint Committee on Cancer pN1 (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pT0
American Joint Committee on Cancer pT0 (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pT1
American Joint Committee on Cancer pT1 (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pT2
American Joint Committee on Cancer pT2 (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pT2a
American Joint Committee on Cancer pT2a (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pT2b
American Joint Committee on Cancer pT2b (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pT2c
American Joint Committee on Cancer pT2c (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pT3
American Joint Committee on Cancer pT3 (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pT3a
American Joint Committee on Cancer pT3a (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pT3b
American Joint Committee on Cancer pT3b (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pT4
American Joint Committee on Cancer pT4 (qualifier value)
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypN category allowable value
National Public Health Classification data
National Public Health Classification data (qualifier value)
Current or specified time (qualifier value)
Current or past (actual) (qualifier value)
Temporal context value (qualifier value)
Patient with lesion not being a malignant tumor
Physician who performed a surgical procedure was not a surgeon (i.e., radiation oncologist, diagnostic radiologist, or general practitioner)
LOINC: - ANSWER LIST CODE: LL5946-0 - ANSWER LIST NAME: Condition stability status
LOINC: - ANSWER LIST CODE: LL5905-6 - ANSWER LIST NAME: EuroSpine Morbidity state
MGMT methylation present, level unspecified
MGMT methylation present, high level|Hypermethylated
MGMT methylation present, low level|Hypomethylated|Partial methylated
International Society of Pathology grade group 3 (Gleason score 4 + 3 = 7)
International Society of Pathology grade group 3 (Gleason score 4 + 3 = 7) (qualifier value)
International Society of Pathology grade group 2 (Gleason score 3 + 4 = 7)
International Society of Pathology grade group 2 (Gleason score 3 + 4 = 7) (qualifier value)
Grade group 5 (Gleason score 5 + 5 = 10)
International Society of Pathology grade group 5 (Gleason score 5 + 5 = 10)
International Society of Pathology grade group 5 (Gleason score 5 + 5 = 10) (qualifier value)
International Society of Pathology grade group 5 (Gleason score 5 + 4 = 9)
International Society of Pathology grade group 5 (Gleason score 5 + 4 = 9) (qualifier value)
International Society of Pathology grade group 1 (Gleason score 3 + 3 = 6)
International Society of Pathology grade group 4 (Gleason score 5 + 3 = 8)
International Society of Pathology grade group 4 (Gleason score 5 + 3 = 8) (qualifier value)
International Society of Pathology grade group 4 (Gleason score 4 + 4 = 8)
International Society of Pathology grade group 4 (Gleason score 4 + 4 = 8) (qualifier value)
International Society of Pathology grade group 4 (Gleason score 3 + 5 = 8)
International Society of Pathology grade group 4 (Gleason score 3 + 5 = 8) (qualifier value)
International Society of Pathology grade group 5 (Gleason score 4 + 5 = 9)
International Society of Pathology grade group 5 (Gleason score 4 + 5 = 9) (qualifier value)
International Society of Pathology histologic grade group 1
ISUP (International Society of Pathology) histologic grade group 1
International Society of Pathology histologic grade group 1 (qualifier value)
International Society of Pathology histologic grade group
ISUP (International Society of Pathology) histologic grade group
International Society of Pathology histologic grade group (qualifier value)
International Society of Pathology histologic grade group 2
ISUP (International Society of Pathology) histologic grade group 2
International Society of Pathology histologic grade group 2 (qualifier value)
International Society of Pathology histologic grade group 3
ISUP (International Society of Pathology) histologic grade group 3
International Society of Pathology histologic grade group 3 (qualifier value)
International Society of Pathology histologic grade group 4
ISUP (International Society of Pathology) histologic grade group 4
International Society of Pathology histologic grade group 4 (qualifier value)
International Society of Pathology histologic grade group 5
ISUP (International Society of Pathology) histologic grade group 5
International Society of Pathology histologic grade group 5 (qualifier value)
GX: Histologic grade cannot be assessed (qualifier value)
Intermediate histologic grade (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cN1mi
American Joint Committee on Cancer cN1mi
American Joint Committee on Cancer cN1mi (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cN2
American Joint Committee on Cancer cN2 (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cN2a
American Joint Committee on Cancer cN2a (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cN2b
American Joint Committee on Cancer cN2b (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cN3
American Joint Committee on Cancer cN3 (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cN3a
American Joint Committee on Cancer cN3a (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cN3b
American Joint Committee on Cancer cN3b (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cN3c
American Joint Committee on Cancer cN3c (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cNX
American Joint Committee on Cancer cNX (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cT1a
American Joint Committee on Cancer cT1a (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cT1b
American Joint Committee on Cancer cT1b (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cT1c
American Joint Committee on Cancer cT1c (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cT1mi
American Joint Committee on Cancer cT1mi
American Joint Committee on Cancer cT1mi (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cT4a
American Joint Committee on Cancer cT4a (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cT4b
American Joint Committee on Cancer cT4b (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cT4c
American Joint Committee on Cancer cT4c (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cT4d
American Joint Committee on Cancer cT4d (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pN2
American Joint Committee on Cancer pN2 (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pN3
American Joint Committee on Cancer pN3 (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pN3a
American Joint Committee on Cancer pN3a (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pN3b
American Joint Committee on Cancer pN3b (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pN3c
American Joint Committee on Cancer pN3c (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pNX
American Joint Committee on Cancer pNX (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pT4a
American Joint Committee on Cancer pT4a (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pT4b
American Joint Committee on Cancer pT4b (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pTis
American Joint Committee on Cancer pTis (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pTX
American Joint Committee on Cancer pTX (qualifier value)
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypT category allowable value
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypT category allowable value (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) ypT0
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypT0 (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) ypT1
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypT1 (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) ypT1a
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypT1a
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypT1a (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) ypT1b
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypT1b
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypT1b (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) ypT1c
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypT1c
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypT1c (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) ypT1mi
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypT1mi
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypT1mi (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) ypT2
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypT2 (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) ypT3
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypT3 (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) ypT4
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypT4 (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) ypT4a
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypT4a
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypT4a (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) ypT4b
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypT4b
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypT4b (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) ypT4c
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypT4c
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypT4c (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) ypT4d
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypT4d
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypT4d (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) ypTis
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypTis
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypTis (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) ypTX
American Joint Committee on Cancer ypTX (qualifier value)
American Joint Committee on Cancer pathological grade allowable value
American Joint Committee on Cancer pathological grade allowable value (qualifier value)
American Joint Committee on Cancer yp grade allowable value
American Joint Committee on Cancer yp grade allowable value (qualifier value)
American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical grade allowable value
American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical grade allowable value (qualifier value)
G1 - American Joint Committee on Cancer grade G1
G4 - American Joint Committee on Cancer grade G4
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) G4
American Joint Committee on Cancer grade G4 (qualifier value)
G5 - American Joint Committee on Cancer grade G5
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) G5
American Joint Committee on Cancer grade G5 (qualifier value)
G2 - American Joint Committee on Cancer grade G2
G3 - American Joint Committee on Cancer grade G3
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cM0
American Joint Committee on Cancer cM0 (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cM1c
American Joint Committee on Cancer cM1c (qualifier value)
MGMT methylation absent/not present, unmethylated MGMT
American Joint Committee on Cancer grade GX
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) GX
American Joint Committee on Cancer grade GX (qualifier value)
Milligram/square meter (qualifier value)
The date the image pixel data creation started. Required if image is part of a Series in which the images are temporally related. May be present otherwise. Note This Attribute was formerly known as Image Date. Source:DICOM
The date that imaging data was acquired for a sample. [NCIT]
The date on which a diagnosis of disease was made. [NCIT]
The particular day, month and year an event has happened or will happen. [NCIT]
The date on which a direct or indirect interaction between individuals or organizations occurred. [NCIT]
Mammography assessment (Category 0) - Need additional imaging evaluation
Mammography assessment (Category 1) - Negative
Mammography assessment (Category 2) - Benign finding
Mammography assessment (Category 5) - Highly suggestive of malignancy
Mammography assessment (Category 3) - Probably benign finding, short interval follow-up
Mammography assessment (Category 4) - Suspicious abnormality, biopsy should be considered
Acute leukemia patients are stratified into the standard risk group when their minimal residual disease levels are lower than 0.05%. [NCIT]
Acute leukemia patients are stratified into the high risk group when their minimal residual disease levels are higher than 0.05%. [NCIT]
The potential future harm that may arise from some present action or attribute or condition is moderate. [NCIT]
Mammography assessment (Category 6) - known biopsy, proven malignancy
Mammography assessment (Category 4A) - low suspicion of malignancy
Mammography assessment (Category 4B) - moderate suspicion of malignancy
Mammography assessment (Category 4C) - high suspicion of malignancy
Palliative - procedure intent (qualifier value)
Preventive - procedure intent (qualifier value)
Screening - procedure intent (qualifier value)
General clinical stage for disease AND/OR neoplasm
Histologic grading differentiation AND/OR behavior
G1: Well differentiated histologic grade
G1: Well differentiated histologic grade (qualifier value)
G2: Moderately differentiated histologic grade
G2: Moderately differentiated histologic grade (qualifier value)
G3: Poorly differentiated histologic grade
G3: Poorly differentiated histologic grade (qualifier value)
G4: Undifferentiated histologic grade (qualifier value)
Tumor Regression Grade 0|Complete response: No viable cancer cells|No residual tumor
Tumor Regression Grade 1|Moderate response: Single cells or small groups of cancer cells
Tumor Regression Grade 2|Minimal response: Residual cancer outgrown by fibrosis
Tumor Regression Grade 3|Poor response: Minimal or no tumor kill; extensive residual cancer
Unknown or no information|Not documented in patient record
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cTX
American Joint Committee on Cancer cTX (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cN1a
American Joint Committee on Cancer cN1a (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cN1b
American Joint Committee on Cancer cN1b (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) cN1c
American Joint Committee on Cancer cN1c (qualifier value)
AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) pN0(i+)
American Joint Committee on Cancer pN0(i+)
American Joint Committee on Cancer pN0(i+) (qualifier value)
Gross total resection of lobe of brain (lobectomy) |(Tumor involves more than half of lobe)
brain@2861
Partial resection of lobe of brain|(Tumor involves more than half of lobe)
Subtotal resection of tumor, lesion, or mass of brain|(Less than half of lobe involved with tumor)|Specimen sent to pathology
This module defines the OMOP domain and FHIR resourceType as defined in local CDMs).
Correspondence
Correspondence Module
A high-level temporal entity with start and end time during which specific clinical processes occur (e.g., diagnosis, treatment, remission).
Possible values are: Observation, Condition, Measurement, Medication, Procedure
This module defines the categories/entities that are specified in imaging context (e.g., image modalities, procedures, manufacturers, imaging assessments, imaging descriptors, etc.).
Imaging Module
Imaging modality
Form of imaging that depends on the way the image is produced [RadLex]
Manufacturer
Vendor
A person, enterprise, or entity that produces finished goods. [NCIT]
Magnetic resonance imaging
Imaging that uses radiofrequency waves and a strong magnetic field rather than x-rays to provide detailed pictures of internal organs and tissues. The technique is valuable for the diagnosis of many pathologic conditions, including cancer, heart and vascular disease, stroke, and joint and musculoskeletal disorders. [NCIT]
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques. [MeSH]
MRI
Tomographic imaging
Imaging by sections or sectioning. [NCIT]
Computed tomography
A method of examining structures within the body by scanning them with X rays and using a computer to construct a series of cross-sectional scans along a single axis. [NCIT]
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image. [MeSH]
Computerized Tomography (CT Scan) of Chest, Abdomen and Pelvis
Imaging @ Anatomical Regions @ Computerized Tomography (CT Scan) @ Chest, Abdomen and Pelvis @ None @ None @ None
Digital Radiography
Histologic
Pertaining to the combined microscopic physical features of cells and their surrounding extracellular environment in tissues. [NCIT]
Mammography
A type of radiography used specifically to examine breast tissue. The procedure utilizes a low-dose of x-rays or radiation to generate an image. A mammography exam or mammogram, is used as a screening tool to detect early breast cancer in women experiencing no symptoms and to detect and diagnose breast disease. [NCIT]
Radionuclide imaging - action (qualifier value)
Nuclear medicine
Nuclear Medicine is the branch of medicine that uses radioactive materials either to image a patient's body or to destroy diseased cells. [NCIT]
Ultrasound imaging - action (qualifier value)
Radiographic imaging - action (qualifier value)
Positron emission tomography
Positron emission tomography (procedure)
A technique for measuring the gamma radiation produced by collisions of electrons and positrons (anti-electrons) within living tissue. In positron emission tomography (PET), a subject is given a dose of a positron-emitting radionuclide attached to a metabolically active substance (for example, 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG), which is similar to a naturally occurring sugar, glucose, with the addition of a radioactive fluorine atom). When living tissue containing the positron emitter is bombarded by electrons, gamma radiation produced by collisions of electrons and positrons is detected by a scanner, revealing in fine detail the tissue location of the metabolically-active substance administered. [NCIT]
An imaging technique using compounds labelled with short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides (such as carbon-11, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15 and fluorine-18) to measure cell metabolism. It has been useful in study of soft tissues such as cancer; cardiovascular system; and brain. SPECT is closely related to PET, but uses isotopes with longer half-lives and resolution is lower. [MeSH]
PET
Magnetic resonance imaging - action (qualifier value)
Plain X-ray imaging - action (qualifier value)
Ultrasound
High frequency sound, generally with a frequency greater than 20,000 Hz. [NCIT]
The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections of echoes of pulses of ultrasonic waves directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz. [MeSH]
Fluoroscopic imaging - action (qualifier value)
Computed tomography imaging - action (qualifier value)
Tomographic imaging - action (qualifier value)
Siemens
Toshiba
Philips
General Electric
GE Medical Systems
I.M.S
Esaote
Canon
Agfa
ADAC
Marconi
Shimadzu
Elscint
Mediso
Hitachi
MiE
Picker International
Fujifilm
Single photon emission computed tomography
SPET - Single photon emission computed tomography
Single photon emission computed tomography - action
Single photon emission computed tomography - action (qualifier value)
Positron emission tomographic imaging - action
Positron emission tomographic imaging - action (qualifier value)
Tomographic imaging, plain radiologic - action
An image processing device, process or method that performs segmentation. [DCM]
Computed tomography of thorax with contrast
Computed tomography of thorax with contrast (procedure)
Computed tomography of chest (procedure)
Computed tomography of breast (procedure)
Production of an image when x-rays strike a fluorescent screen. [MeSH]
Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as nmr tomography (magnetic resonance imaging). [MeSH]
CT Imaging Acquisition Protocol Element CTDI VOL
The average dose over the total volume scanned for the selected CT conditions of operation (calculated according to IEC 60601-2-44, Ed.2.1 (Clause 29.1.103.4)). EXAMPLE(S): OTHER NAME(S): Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDI) Volume NOTE(S): The units are energy dose, e.g. mGy. [NCIT]
The International Electrotechnical Commission preferred expression of radiation dose in computed tomography (CT) dosimetry. It is calculated by averaging the radiation dose delivered over x,y and z directions and expressed in the SI unit of Gray (Gy). [NCIT]
Single Photon Tomography and Computed Tomography Scan
A dual-modality imaging technique that merges data from single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and computed tomography (CT) to provide structural and functional information. [NCIT]
Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography Scan
An imaging technique that utilizes positron emission tomography and computed tomography in a single machine. [NCIT]
Examination of any part of the body for diagnostic purposes by means of roentgen rays, recording the image on a sensitized surface (such as photographic film). [MeSH]
Procedure step protocol for imaging slide specimens using a whole slide scanner. [DCM]
Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
An imaging method with a timed series of T1-weighted images used to detect and measure signal intensity change (enhancement) over time following administration of intravenous contrast agent to noninvasively access tissue vascular characteristics. [RadLex]
Non-invasive method of vascular imaging and determination of internal anatomy without injection of contrast media or radiation exposure. The technique is used especially in cerebral angiography as well as for studies of other vascular structures. [MeSH]
Video imaging - action (qualifier value)
PI-RADS: Well defined. BI-RADS: Mammo: At least 75% of the margin is sharply demarcated, with an abrupt transition between the lesion and surrounding tissue (historically, "well defined" or "sharply defined"). MRI: Entire margin is sharply demarcated with abrupt transition between the lesion and surrounding tissue (historically, "smooth"). US: Entire margin is well defined or sharp, with an abrupt transition between the lesion and surrounding tissue (historically, "well defined" or "sharply defined"). [RadLex]
PI-RADS: Radiating lines extending from the margin of a mass. BI-RADS Mammo/MRI: Margin is characterized by lines radiating from the mass. US: Margin is characterized by sharp lines radiating from the mass. [RadLex]
not curcumscribed - microlobulated margin
BI-RADS Mammo/US: A margin characteized by short-cycle undulations. [RadLex]
PI-RADS: blurred. BI-RADS Mammo: No clear demarcation of the entire margin or any portion of it from the surrounding tissue (historically, "ill defined"). US: no clear demarcation between a mass and the surrounding tissue anywhere on the margin. [TI-RADS]: Border of the nodule is difficult to distinguish from thyroid parenchyma; the nodule lacks irregular or lobulated margins. [RadLex]
BI-RADS US: Some or all of the margin has sharp corners, often forming acute angles. [RadLex]
PI-RADS: Ill-defined. BI-RADS US: the mass has one or more of the following features: indistinct, angular, microlobulated, or spiculated in any portion of the margin. [RadLex]
BI-RADS: Mammo, MRI, US -The edge or border of the lesion. [RadLex]
To discuss integration-combination with findings (APHP radiologist suggestion)
Features seen and reported by a radiologist during interpretation of an image that are specific to imaging. [NCIT]
Management: surgical excision when clinically appropriate. [RadLex]
Highly Suggestive of Malignancy. [RadLex]
Incomplete--Need Additional Imaging Evaluation and/or Prior Mammograms for Comparison. [NCIT]
moderate suspicion of malignancy. [RadLex]
Imaging of genitourinary system (procedure)
DWI and DCE are inadequate or absent; assessment is limited to staging for determination of extra-capsular extension. [RadLex]
Clinically significant cancer is highly likely to be present in the prostate. [RadLex]
Clinically significant cancer is likely to be present in the prostate. [RadLex]
The presence of clinically significant cancer in the prostate is equivocal. [RadLex]
Clinically significant cancer is unlikely to be present in the prostate. [RadLex]
Clinically significant cancer is highly unlikely to be present in the prostate. [RadLex]
Magnetic resonance imaging guidance (procedure)
A 5-point scale based on the likelihood (probability) that a combination of mpMRI findings on T2W, DWI, and DCE correlates with the presence of clinically significant cancer in a lesion in the prostate gland. [RadLex]
PI-RADS X - Inadequate or absent (Lesion)
Clinically significant cancer is highly likely to be present in a lesion. [RadLex]
Clinically significant cancer is likely to be present in a lesion. [NCIT]
The presence of clinically significant cancer in a lesion is equivocal. [RadLex]
Clinically significant cancer is unlikely to be present in a lesion. [NCIT]
Clinically significant cancer is highly unlikely to be present in a lesion. [RadLex]
Magnetic resonance imaging guided biopsy
Magnetic resonance imaging guided biopsy (procedure)
BI-RADS MRI: enhancement in both breasts [RadLex]
BI-RADS MRI: more enhancement in one breast than in the other [RadLex]
Background parenchymal enhancement pattern
Intermediate probability for HCC. [RadLex]
Magnetic resonance imaging of prostate (procedure)
Probably malignant, not specific for HCC. [RadLex]
Magnetic resonance imaging of pelvis (procedure)
Ultrasonic guidance procedure (procedure)
Ultrasound scan of genitourinary system (procedure)
Ultrasound of male genital system (procedure)
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (procedure)
mpMRI - multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging
Biopsy of prostate using magnetic resonance imaging guidance
Biopsy of prostate using magnetic resonance imaging guidance (procedure)
Biopsy of abdomen using ultrasound guidance
Biopsy of abdomen using ultrasound guidance (procedure)
Magnetic resonance imaging scan abnormal
Magnetic resonance imaging scan abnormal (finding)
Nuclear magnetic resonance normal (finding)
Biopsy of prostate using magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography fusion guidance
Biopsy of prostate using magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography fusion guidance (procedure)
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of prostate
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of prostate (procedure)
Radiographic procedure of chest (procedure)
Imaging of central nervous system (procedure)
Diagnostic imaging procedure using X-rays
Screening for malignant neoplasm of breast
Screening for malignant neoplasm of breast (procedure)
Magnetic resonance imaging of breast for screening
Magnetic resonance imaging of breast for screening (procedure)
Enrich other types of MRI for lung cancer for an example
Magnetic resonance imaging of chest (procedure)
Magnetic resonance imaging of breast (procedure)
Ultrasonographic observable (observable entity)
MRI of breast for screening for malignant neoplasm
Magnetic resonance imaging of breast for screening for malignant neoplasm
Magnetic resonance imaging of breast for screening for malignant neoplasm (procedure)
Mammography assessment finding (finding)
Radiographic lesion shape finding (finding)
Any method that uses a visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. [NCIT]
A radiographic technique used to evaluate a specific anatomic location for a specific purpose.
A collection of images with a common element. [NCIT]
A set of composite instances of the same Modality, created by the same Equipment, with the same Frame of Reference. [NCIT]
Radiographic lesion margin characteristics
Radiographic lesion margin characteristics (finding)
Mammography reference location (finding)
Finding of change compared to previous radiologic examination
Finding of change compared to previous radiologic examination (finding)
Mammographic breast composition finding (finding)
Mammographic architectural distortion of breast
Mammographic architectural distortion of breast (finding)
[PI-RADS] A localized pathological or traumatic structural change, damage, deformity, or discontinuity of tissue, organ, or body part. [LI-RADS]: An observation that represents a pathologic abnormality. [RADLEX]
Visibly abnormal tissue on a magnetic resonance image (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) that does not enhance with contrast and is not edema. [NCIT]
A well-defined area of unequivocally increased signal intensity on MRI or CT scan images compared with the normal-appearing surrounding tissues, following intravenous injection of an enhancing agent. [NCIT]
[BI-RADS] Mammo: a mass that is spherical, ball-shaped, circular, or globular in shape MRI: Spherical, ball-shaped, circular, or globular US: A mass that is spherical, ball-shaped, circular or globular. A round mass has an anteroposterior diameter equal to its transverse diameter. [RadLex]
BI-RADS: Mammo and MRI: Eliptical or egg-shaped (may include two or three undulations). US: Eliptical or egg-shaped (may include two or three undulations, i.e. gently lobulated or microlobulated)). [RadLex]
[BI-RADS} MR: Neither oval nor round [RadLex]
Dysplastic nodule (morphologic abnormality)
Magnetic resonance imaging of brain (procedure)
Finding of change compared to previous radiologic examination finding
MRI of brain with arterial spin labeling
MRI of brain with ASL (arterial spin labelling)
MRI of brain with arterial spin labelling
Magnetic resonance imaging of brain with arterial spin labeling
Magnetic resonance imaging of brain with arterial spin labeling (procedure)
Magnetic resonance imaging of breast for screening for malignant neoplasm procedure
Mammographic architectural distortion of breast finding
The sum of the equivalent doses to all organs in the body, each adjusted to account for the sensitivity of the organ to radiation. Effective dose is calculated for the whole body. Effective dose is expressed in millisieverts (mSv). [RBO]
BI-RADS US: the area posterior to the mass appears darker. (Refractive edge shadowing is of no significance.) [RadLex]
BI-RADS US: Appears as a column that is more echogenic (whiter) deep to the mass. [RadLex]
BI-RADS US: No shadowing or enhancement is present deep to the mass. [RadLex]
BI-RADS US: more than one pattern of posterior attenuation both shadowing and enhancement. [RadLex]
Posterior acoustic features represent the attenuation characteristics of a mass with respect to its acoustic transmission. [RadLex]
BI-RADS US: having the same echogenicity as subcutaneous fat. [TI-RADS]: Similar echogenicity relative to thyroid tissue [LI-RADS] Echogenicity equal to background liver [RadLex]
BI-RADS US: having increased echogenicity relative to fat or equal to fibroglandular tissue. [TI-RADS]: Increased echogenicity relative to thyroid tissue [LI-RADS] Echogenicity more than background liver. [RadLex]
BI-RADS US: A complex mass contains both anechoic (cystic) and echogenic (solid) components. [RadLex]
BI-RADS US: Without internal echoes [RadLex]
BI-RADS US: defined relative to subcutaneous fat; less echogenic than fat; characterized by low-level echoes throughout (e.g. complicated cysts or fibroadenomas). [TI-RADS}: Decreased echogenicity relative to thyroid tissue. [LI-RADS] Echogenicity less than background liver. [RadLex]
BI-RADS: US: A mixture of echogenic patterns within a solid mass [RadLex]
Image and Fluoroscopy Area Dose Product Attribute
[BI-RADS] US: Long axis of lesion parallels the skin line (wider than tall or horizontal) [RadLex]
[BI-RADS] US: Long axis not oriented along the skin line (taller than wide or vertical)--includes round [RadLex]
MR preparation or modification technique
Perfusion analysis by Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) MR technique
with scattered areas of fibroglandular density
[BI-RADS] This is used to define the x-ray attenuation of the lesion relative to the expected attenuation of an equal volume of fibroglandular breast tissue. It is important that most breast cancers that form a visible mass are of equal or higher density than an equal volume of fibroglandular tissue. it is rare (although not impossible) for breast cancer to be lower in density. breast cancers are never fat-containing (radiolucent) although they may trap fat. [RadLex]
[BI-RADS] Mammo: x-ray attenuation of the mass is greater than the expected attenuation of an equal volume of fibroglandular breast tissue [RadLex]
[BI-RADS] US: Must reference a contralateral normal area or unaffected site in the same breast as the basis for comparison [RadLex]
[BI-RADS] US: Blood vessels may be marginal, occupying part or all of the rim of the mass. [RadLex]
[BI-RADS] US: Blood vessels present within the mass [RadLex]
Neoplasm and/or hamartoma (morphologic abnormality)
Positron emission tomography of whole body
Positron emission tomography of whole body using choline C-11
Radioisotope study of musculoskeletal system